Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Food Groups
Food Groups
GRAINS
VEGETABLES
FRUITS
OILS
MILK
BASIC ELEVEN
Basic 11
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Pulses 9) Fats & oils Nuts& oilseeds 10)Sugar & other carbohydrate Cereals & millets foods Vegetables 11)Spices and Fruits condiments Milk & milk products 7) Eggs 8) Meat, fish & other animal foods
BAJRA BARLEY
MAIZE
RYE
JOWAR
WHEAT RICE
OATS
COMPOSITION Vegetables Vary 3.5 kcal/your veggies g List a few examples of vegetables that are plentiful in your area. Carbohydrates 60-70 % Discuss how much children should eat every day and Proteins 6-12% when they might have them. Together, research and discuss the health benefits of Phosphorus & iron vegetables. Encourage children to list foods that they like from this B complex vitamins food group. poor in calcium except ragi & bajra
LEGUMES
EXAMPLES
COMPOSITION
3.5 Kcal/g Carbohydrates- 60% Protien-20-28% Less in lipids-1-2 g/100g Calcium-200mg/100g Iron-10mg/ 100g Rich source of B complex vitamins except B12 & B2 Devoid of vitamin C (except sprouted pulses), A & D
NUTS & OIL SEEDS EXAMPLES Coconut Ground nut Cashew nuts Walnuts Almonds Soybean seeds Sesame seeds
COMPOSITION
Fat-40-60% Protiens-18-40%(except coconut) Carbohydrates-10-20% Iron & phosphorous Few B complex vitamins Soybean-richest of protein ,not contain vit A,D,B12 &C Seasame seeds-rich in Ca Oils & nuts-used for preparation of milk substitutes(since they are good sources of proteins& fat)
VEGETABLES EXAMPLES 3 GROUPS 1.Green leafy vegetables(rich in vit A) 2.Roots & tubers
3.other vegetables
CONT
2.Roots & tubers
COMPOSITION
1.Green leafy vegetables Vitamin A(in form of carotene) Vitamin C Folic acid Potassium Calcium Protiens-2-7% Cellulose(dietary fibres) adult-100 g Children-50 g
CONT 2.Roots & tubers Starch-25% Poor sources of proteins(except potato),B complex vitamins, vitamin C Water-75% Carrot & yellow flesh sweet potatorich in carotenes
CONT.
3.other vegetables Minerals Vitamins Cellulose Green peas & yellow pumpkins-good source of vitamin C Yellow pumpkins-fair source of carotene Green peas & beans-good source of proteins & B complex vitamins
EXAMPLES
FRUITS
papaya
Grapes
Guava
Orange
Banana
Mango
Apple
COMPOSITION
Vitamin C- Indian gooseberry & citrus fruits Minerals Mango & papaya-good source of carotene Rich in carbohydrates Raw fruit-rich in starch On ripening-starch converted to fructose & glucose which imparts sweetness to fruits
CONT. Good source of potassium & fibres Flavour of fruits-due to certain organic acids like citrus , malic & tartaric acids Water-90% Apple , banana & grapes-poor source of vitamin C
EXAMPLES
Whole milk
Cream
COMPOSITION
water in human milk-87.5% Water in cows milk-87.2% Deficient in iron & vitamin C &D Protien-35 g Fat-35 g Calcium-1 g Riboflavin-1.5 mg Vitamin A-1500 IU B vitamins & minerals(substantial amount) Milk proteins casein ,lactalbumin ,traces of lacto globulins
Milk protein-complete protein Milk fat-2/3rd saturated & 1/3rd unsaturated Carbohydrate-5%(lactose-chief carbohydrate) Minerals-rich in calcium & phosphorous, poor in iron Vitamins-rich in B complex vitamins,poor in ascorbic acid
CONT.
EGGS
EXAMPLE Hens egg Ducks egg
COMPOSITION
All nutrients(except carbohydrates & vitamin C) Protiens-13% Fat-13% Rich source of vitamin A & some Bvitamins Egg protein-complete protein More protein in egg white than egg yolk Cholesterol-250 mg(not more than one per day advisable )
CONT..
Egg white Protien-12% Some B vitamin Devoid of fat & vitamin A Egg yolk Proteins-15% fat-27% Rich source of vitamin A Fair source of iron , B vitamins & vitamin D Used as supplement to diet in infants
MEAT ,FISH & OTHER ANIMAL PRODUCTS EXAMPLES MEAT of Cattle(beef) Sheep(mutton) Pig(pork) Chicken Other poultries
COMPOSITION
Depends on its source , season of year & type of meat(muscle or organ meat) Muscle meat Protiens-15-20% Carbohydrates - negligible Fat & minerals-5% Does not contain vitamin A,D or C Organ meat Like liver , kidney Rich in proteins , vitamin A & vitamin B12 Liver-richest natural source of vitamin B12
FISH EXAMPLES
COMPOSITION Protiens-18-22% Fair source of B-vitamins Fatty fish-vitamin A & D Large fish-rich in phosphorous , deficient in calcium fat-1-20% Hilsa-20% fat Shell fish-under 5% fat
FATS &OILS
EXAMPLES Vegetable oils(ground nut oils , coconut oils , palm oil) Hydrogenated fats(vanaspathy & margarines)
COMPOSITION Vegetable oils rich in poly unsaturated fatty acids(except coconut oil & palm oils) Good sources of vitamin E Deficient in vitamin A & D
CONT.. Fat of animal origin Poor sources of vitamin E & essential fatty acid contain saturated fatty acids & cholesterol(so large amounts not advisable) Energy-9 Kcal/g Butter , ghee & vanaspathy -good sources of vitamin A(2500 IU/100 g)
Honey
Starchy foods
COMPOSITION
Source of energy Calorific value of sugers-4 Kcal/g Honey & jaggery small quantities of vitamins & minerals
EXAMPLES
Chilies
Pepper
Turmeric
Asafetida
Cardamom
Cinnamon
Cloves
cumin
Garlic
Mustard
Coriander seeds
SIGNIFICANCE OF 11 FOOD GROUP SYSTEM Provide a guideline for food selection while planning the balanced diet. Gives an account of any nutrient deficiencies that might be present in these foods.
THE SEVEN FOOD GROUP PLAN(1943) 1)Green & yellow vegetables 2)Oranges, grape fruit , tomatoes / raw cabbage /salad greens 3)Potatoes, other vegetables & fruits 4)Milk & milk products 5)Meat , poultry, fish & eggs 6)Bread , flour & cereal 7)Butter & fortified margarine
1.Milk group
Milk Cheese Ice cream
SI NO.
THE BASIC FIVE FOOD GROUP PLAN FOOD GROUP NUTRIENTS (ICMR)
cereals , grains& products
Pulses , legumes
Energy, protein, fat, thiamine, folic acid, riboflavin, iron , fibre Energy, protein, invisible fat, thiamine, folic acid, riboflavin, calcium , iron , fibre
Milk & meat products Protein, fat, riboflavin, Milk, curd, calcium skimmed milk, cheese Chicken, liver, fish , egg, meat
Fruits & vegetables Mango, guava, tomato, papaya, orange, sweet lime, water melon Green leafy vegetables , amaranth, spinach, drumstick leaves, coriander leaves, fenugreek leaves Other vegetables Carrots, onion, brinjal, ladies finger, beans, capsicum, cauliflower, drum stick
Fats & sugars Fats: butter ghee, cooking oils Sugar& jaggery
Hydrogenated fat, energy, essential fatty acids & fat soluble vitamins Energy, iron (jaggery)
SIGNIFICANCE OF 5 GROUP SYSTEM Formulate a balanced diet Tool for nutritional assessment & screening Tool for counselling Preparing therapeutic diets Food labelling & nutritional surveillance system
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
ENERGY YEILDING FOODS BODY BUILDING FOODS PROTECTIVE FOODS
PROTEIN
PROTECTIVE FOODS