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    undergrads lecture

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    undergrads lecture

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    85 views19 pages

    Acid Base Basic Physiology - Lect

    Uploaded by

    khoja72
    undergrads lecture

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    THIRD EDITION

    HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
    AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

    Chapter 20, part B


    Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

    PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Sodium Recycling: Recycling and Excretion


    Ascending loop of Henle
    H2O impermeable Na+ Active Transport

    To ECF
    Gradient

    Diffuses to blood
    Collecting Duct: Aldosterone regulates

    Na+ recycled or excreted


    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Mechanism of Na+ Selective Reabsorption in Collecting Duct

    Aldosterone: steroid H from adrenal cortex Stimulates Na+ uptake (& K+ secretion)

    channel synthesis

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Mechanism of Na+ Selective Reabsorption in Collecting Duct

    Figure 20-12: Aldosterone action in principal cells


    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Angiotensin Pathway: Maintains BP , Volume & Osmolarity Angiotensinogen, ANGI, ANG II, rennin, & ACE

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-13: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway

    Artial Natruretic Peptide: Regulates Na+ & H2O Excretion

    Hormone from myocardial cells

    Stimulates: hypothalamus, kidney, adrenal, & medulla

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Artial Natruretic Peptide: Regulates Na+ & H2O Excretion

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-15: Atrial natriuretic peptide

    Potassium Balance: Critical for Excitable Heart & Nervous Tissues

    Hypokalemia low [K+] in ECF, Hyperkalemia high [K+]


    Reabsorbed in Ascending Loop, secreted in Collecting duct

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Potassium Balance: Critical for Excitable Heart & Nervous Tissues

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-4: Osmolarity changes as fluid flows through the nephron

    Potassium Balance: Critical for Excitable Heart & Nervous Tissues

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-12: Aldosterone action in principal cells

    Response to Dehydration & Osmolarity Imbalance

    Thirst & "salt craving", or avoidance behavior

    Integrated circulatory & excretory reflexes

    PLAY

    Animation: Fluids & Electrolytes: Water Homeostasis

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Response to Dehydration & Osmolarity Imbalance

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-17 : Homeostatic compensation for severe dehydration

    Acid/Base Homeostasis: Overview


    Acidosis: plasma pH

    Protein damage
    CNS depression Alkalosis: plasma pH Hyperexcitability CNS & heart

    Buffers: HCO3- & proteins


    H+ input: diet & metabolic H+ output: lungs & kidney
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Acid/Base Homeostasis: Overview

    PLAY

    Animation: Fluids & Electrolytes: Acid/Base Homeostasis

    Figure 20-18: Hydrogen balance in the body

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Proximal Tubule

    H+ & NH4+ secreted into lumen and excreted HCO3- is reabsorbed

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Proximal Tubule

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-21: Proximal tubule secretion and reabsorption of filtered HCO3-

    Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct

    Type A Intercalated cells excrete H+ absorb HCO3 Type B intercalated cells absorb H+ secrete HCO3-

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct

    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Figure 20-22: Role of the intercalated cell in acidosis and alkalosis

    Summary
    Electrolyte balance depends on integration of circulatory, excretory and behavioral physiology

    Water recycling and ECF/plasma balance depends on descending loop of Henle and vasopressin regulated collecting duct for conservation Osmolarity depends on aldosterone and angiotensin pathway to regulate CNS & endocrine responses Along with respiration, proximal tubule and collecting duct cells reabsorb or excrete H+ & HCO3- to balance pH
    Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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