Introduction of OB
Introduction of OB
Introduction of OB
Group of people who work together independently towards same goal & they have structured pattern of interactions Individual or group of people. It depends upon i) Quality goods & services produce @ reasonable rate without affecting the profit margin ii) satisfying all the stakeholders
Behaviour
the actions or reactions of an individual, usually in relation to the environment. Behavior can be conscious or unconscious, overt or covert Motivated by desire to attain a goal
Organizational Behavior
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It is the study & application of knowledge about how people act within the organization Three main features emphasis in any definition are: Study of human behavior Study of behavior in organization Knowledge about human behavior would be useful in in improving organizations effectiveness
Organisational Behaviour
is the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people - as individuals and as groups - act within organizations. Field of study that investigates the impact that individual groups & structure have on behavior within the organisation for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organisations effectiveness.
Scope
Intrapersonal 1. Personality 2. Attitude 3. Perception 4. Motivation 5. Learnings 6. Stress
Organization 1. Culture 2. Policy 3. Structure 4. Reward & Feedback
Characteristics
Human Tool Three level of analysis Studies cause and effect relationship Actions & Goal Oriented discipline Science as well as Arts Multidisciplinary in nature Holistic Approach
An interdisciplinary focus
Psychology Personality, Perception ,Attitudes, learning's, Training, Work stress Individual
Sociology
Study of OB
SocioPsychology Anthropology
Political Science
A whole person
Individual is not hired alone but his likes & dislikes are also hired.
Caused behavior
There is always cause behind a person behavior Human behavior is caused because of needs. Behavior is directed towards fulfillment of this need.
Human Dignity
The concept rejects the old idea of using employee as economic tools. Treated differently as they are of higher order in the universe, should be treated with respect & dignity
Individual is govern by social & psychological law. Individual has social needs to satisfy. Existence of social system reflects that organisation is subject to change, as all the parts of the system are interdependent & influence each other.
Mutuality of Interest
Organisation need people & people need organisation. Lack of common interest brings no cooperation.
Holistic Concept
Take all the possible views to people in an effort to understand as many as possible factors that influence behaviour.
Types of models
Autocratic
The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal.
Custodial
The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits & dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation.
Supportive
The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need met is status & recognition. The performance result is awakened drives.
Collegial
The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm.
Interpretation of models
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Models bound to change. no one model is best for all times. Models are related to hierarchy of human needs. Today's tendency of towards more democratic models of organizational behavior continue for a long run. Different models will remain in use.
Subsistence security
passive
Selfactualization
Moderate enthusiasm
SOBC
S- Stimulus, O- Organism, B- Behaviour, C- Consequences. Based on social learning. Says that internal cognition leads to behavior. Expanded model includes interactive nature of environment (S and C), intrapersonal cognition in determining its behavior. Serve as conceptual framework. Gives a bare bone of sketch rather than explanation
Stimulus:
Composed of indication that determines behavior. Overt indication: external & observable Covert indication: internal & non observable. the above is a part of internal environment. External envt consist of technological & social factors provides stimulus for behviour.
Organism
Is a physical being or human being. Physical factors are influence by stimulus. They alter psychological structure. Response is emerge as an result of the interaction between stimulus & structure.
Behavior
The way in which an individual reacts to stimuli is behavior. Individual show patterns of behavior t stimuli. Behavior can be predicted by understanding their patterns. Covert behavior difficult to understand.
Consequences
Behavior leads in determining the consequences. Positive consequences: leads to reinforcement. Negative consequences: force to change the behavior. Consequences dependent on situations.
Significance of SOBC
Simple & useful model. It helps to understand ,predict & control the behavior of individual. Important in organizing the further study & Development of models of OB.
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Importance
Achieve Organisational effectiveness. Maximum utilization of Organisational effectiveness. Input to decision making. Effective management Understanding self & others. Develops cordial relation.
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