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Level of Prevention Final
Level of Prevention Final
Mr.Rakesh Patidar
The goals of medicine are to promote health, to preserve health, to restore health when it is impaired, and to minimize suffering and distress. These goals are embodied in the word "prevention"
Determinants of Prevention
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation, dynamics of transmission, identification of risk factors and risk groups, availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures, an organization for applying these measures to appropriate persons or groups, and continuous evaluation of and development of procedures applied
Latent Disease
Secondary prevention
Pre-symptomatic Diagnosis and treatment Disability limitation for early symptomatic disease Rehabilitation for late Symptomatic disease
Symptomatic Disease
Tertiary prevention
Levels of prevention
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Primordial prevention
Primordial prevention consists of actions and measures that inhibit the emergence of risk factors in the form of environmental, economic, social, and behavioral conditions and cultural patterns of living etc.
Primary prevention
Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur. It signifies intervention in the prepathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem. Primary prevention may be accomplished by measures of Health promotion and specific protection
Primary prevention
Achieved by
Health promotion
Health education Environmental modifications Nutritional interventions Life style and behavioral changes
Specific protection
Immunization and seroprophylaxis chemoprophylaxis Use of specific nutrients or supplementations
Health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health.
This requires detection of individuals at high risk by the optimum use of clinical methods.
Secondary prevention
It is defined as action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications. The specific interventions are: early diagnosis (e.g. screening tests, and case finding programs.) and adequate treatment. Secondary prevention attempts to arrest the disease process, restore health by seeking out unrecognized disease and treating it before irreversible pathological changes take place, and reverse communicability of infectious diseases. It thus protects others from in the community from acquiring the infection and thus provide at once secondary prevention for the infected ones and primary prevention for their potential contacts.
Tertiary prevention
It is used when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages. It is defined as all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions. Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary prevention are disability limitation, and rehabilitation.
Disability limitation
disease
impairment
disability
handicap
Impairment
Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
Disability
Disability is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for the human being.
Handicap
Handicap is termed as a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role in the community that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is the combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and retraining the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability.
Rehabilitation
Medical rehabilitation
Vocational rehabilitation
Social rehabilitation
Psychological rehabilitation
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