Evaporator Presentation
Evaporator Presentation
Evaporator Presentation
Evaporator
SKP 2004
M.Arshad
Introduction
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Contents:
Milk evaporation statistics What is evaporation and why do it Characteristics of evaporation Evaporator types Falling film principle Falling Film Evaporator elements
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World fresh milk production: 577 Mio Ton Nestle share: 12.1 Mio Ton
Nestle Others
Others 97.9%
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Fresh milk processed at Nestl: 12.1 Mio Ton Milk processed in Evaporators: 8.0 Mio Ton (66% of Nestl total milk)
Evap 7%
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What is Evaporation?
Change from liquid phase to the vapour phase Vapour
Heat
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What is Condensation
Heat
Vapour
Condensate
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Condensate
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So during evaporation:
* Solids do not evaporate ,hence * Concentration of solids in liquid phase increases
76 kg vapour
Evaporator
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Why Evaporate/concentrate
Volume Reduction
Preservation
For example: Milk Powder: suspended bacteriological activity due to lack of water.
Convenience
For example: - Evaporated Milk.
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Evaporator Types
The Old Vacuum Pan Recirculation Evaporators Climbing Film Evaporators Falling Film evaporators Plate Evaporators
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SPRAY DRYER
12.5%
Evaporator
time: 12-15 min
49.5%
Spray dryer
Time: 1/4-1 min
95%
Afterdryer
Time: 5-15 min
97.3%
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SKP 2004
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Evaporator Process
Standardized Silo
Plan Batch card Quality MSA/DPSA
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Evaporator Process
Condenser STD Milk Temp Cooling tower Preheating of milk Vapour condensation
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Condenser
Vapours are condensed by
means of Cooling Water The BIG volume 0ccupied by the Vapours
Is suddenly reduced to
In
This creates a SUCTION EFFECT i.e. VACUUM
Out
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Condensate
Steam Condenser Pasteurizer
Steam
PureCondensate
Condensate from Pasteurizer: --> Boiler House Condensate from 1st effect: conductivity measurement, if OK --> to Boiler House Condensate from other effects and Condenser: --> Other uses
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Pre-Heaters
Pre-Heater C
Product IN
Pre-Heater 1
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Evaporator Process
Balance Tank Balance tank is a feeding source of Evaporator in this we volume makeup Buffer milk & wet rework
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Thermo-Compressor
Driving Steam Sucked Vapours Compressed Vapour, mixed with Steam
Vapour Pump
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Thermocompressor Nozzle
1 M P ste am M disch 2 3 4 5 ste am
P M P suck suck
disch
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Pasteuriser
Heats Product, from ~70 C to ~ 85 C Heating time is Critical
Pasteuriser
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DSI
Direct Steam Injection
Short Time Heat Treatment Heat Product from 85 C to say 108C Followed by Holding Tube -Holding time - 5 to 10 Sec
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Back Pressure
Why Back Pressure?
Prevents:
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Evaporator Process
Evaporation in 1st Effect
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FlashVapour
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Evaporator Process
Evaporation in 2nd Effect
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Evaporator Process
Evaporation in 4th Effect-A&B
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Evaporator Process
Evaporation in 3rd Effect-A&B
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Evaporator Process
Ex-Evap Ex Evap is a point milk can divert in three direction Balance tank for circulation Buffer tank in case of problem on Egron Homo tank for Egron feeding
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Evaporator Process
Homo tank Homo tank feeding source of Egron Its level always on minimum position 20 to 40 % for better quality
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Evaporator Process
Buffer tank Capacity of Buffer Tank 3800 Lt Milk taken in Buffer Tank when the problem on Egron If the dietetic product then milk transfer in STD If the nondietetic product then milk reused in the balance tank Temperature of milk should be 4 to 8
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The Product flows from top to bottom inside the tubes --> FALLING
The Product is fed to form a thin FILM inside the tube
The film:
Boiling Tube
Vapours
Product
Inside the Boiling Tube
Steam Vapours
Condensate
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- Condensed Steam
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The film:
Calandria Top
Product Strainer
Distribution Traywith Vapour Tubes and Calibrated orifices Tube-End-Plate Flooded Boiling Tube With Product film inside
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The film:
Product
Boiling Tube Center Line
Boiling Tube
Boiling Tube
Vapours help keeping film against the tube
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Vapours
Product
Boiling Tube
Stea m Vapours
Stea m Vapours
Condensate
Vapours
Critical Liquid Product on all Heat Exchange Area Equal Distribution among tubes Even Coverage on all inside of tube ==> Liquid Load.
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Liquid load
Product mass flow M product = Meter pipe circumfere nce n d
n = number of boiling tubes d = diameter of boiling tube in kg/(m.h) In practice if < certain value: Film unstable Film may be torn off Film will dry out Film will burn Fouling Ultimately completely block tubes.
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Vapours
Mvap A + Mvap B
6 T/h
6 T/h
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Steam
THC
Pre-heater C
Product IN
Pasteuriser
Steam
Pre-heater 1
Condenser
Separator
Condensate
Condensate
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Product IN
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Pre-heater C, PHC
Product IN
Pre-heater 1, PH1
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Pre-heater C
Product IN
Pasteuriser
Steam Condensate.
Pre-heater 1
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Holding element
Pasteuriser Steam
Pre-heater 1
Condensate
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Pre-heater C
Calandria
Product IN
Pasteuriser Steam
Pre-heater 1
Separator
Condensate
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Product OUT
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Steam
Pre-heater 1
Separator
Steam
Back Pressure Control Distribution Calandria
Product IN
Condenses Vapours
Pre-heater C
Pasteuriser Steam
Pre-heater 1
Condenser
Separator
Condensate
Cooling Water IN
Condensate
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Steam
Water side of Back Pressure Control Condenser can be De-aerated Distribution Pre-heater C Calandria
Product IN
Pasteuriser Steam
Pre-heater 1
Condenser
Non-Condensables are evacuated by Separator The Vacuum Cooling System Water Product OUT
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When to Pasteurise ?
Pasteurisation provides:
Heat stability to milk and thereby reduced fouling in evaporator
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P0 , T 0
say: 2 bar, 100C
FLASH
When a liquid at higher P, T Enters into a medium with lower P, T it will evaporate some liquid to cool it to the new mediums T. the vapour so produced is called
Flash
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Separator
Droplets of liquid must be separated from the Vapours: Cyclone
Calandria
Product to Discharge Pump
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De-Aeration
Condenser
Steam
System contains Air (gases) that must be removed to have good heat exchange
Air (gases) evacuated via Calibrated diaphragms to: - next Effect - or to the Condenser.
De-Aeration
Orifice
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Vacuum system
VACUUM is made by the Condenser, but
Condenser
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Vapour Ducts
Carry the vapours to the next effect, to the Condenser or to THC Critical: Vapour velocity
Pressure Drop
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Design thermal Load THC operating range Vapour velocities, calandria and separator Liquid loads Temperature profile
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Product at Inlet
TS % C kg/h
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Advantages
Small liquid content and high flow velocities:
Short residence time, gentle evaporation Small amount of cleaning agent needed Good controllability and automation High final concentrations possible
Can operate at low delta T, since operation independent of thermal force like in Circulation evaporators Possible to use 15 m or longer tubes
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Thank you
Nestle Milkpak Ltd. SKP 2004 M.Arshad