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    Arthadian De Peralta
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    Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by an autoimmune reaction that prevents the absorption of vitamin B12. It results from the lack of intrinsic factor produced by stomach parietal cells needed for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. Symptoms include neurological issues, pale skin, dizziness, weakness, and smooth tongue. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure B12 and antibody levels. Treatment is lifelong vitamin B12 supplementation through injections or high oral doses.

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    type of anemia

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    Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by an autoimmune reaction that prevents the absorption of vitamin B12. It results from the lack of intrinsic factor produced by stomach parietal cells needed for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. Symptoms include neurological issues, pale skin, dizziness, weakness, and smooth tongue. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure B12 and antibody levels. Treatment is lifelong vitamin B12 supplementation through injections or high oral doses.

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    169 views24 pages

    Pernicious Anemia

    Uploaded by

    Arthadian De Peralta
    Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by an autoimmune reaction that prevents the absorption of vitamin B12. It results from the lack of intrinsic factor produced by stomach parietal cells needed for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. Symptoms include neurological issues, pale skin, dizziness, weakness, and smooth tongue. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure B12 and antibody levels. Treatment is lifelong vitamin B12 supplementation through injections or high oral doses.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 24

    PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

    PRESENTED BY:
    (GROUP 4) JOSEPHINE RABANG CHRISTIAN XAVIER PAAT GERLIE OBRERO SHERYL RAYRAY

    ANEMIA
    is a condition in which the

    body does not have a sufficient number of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

    Hemoglobin
    is present within red blood cells

    and is important for carrying oxygen to all tissues of the body.

    Indicative of anemia
    Males: hemoglobin less than 13.5

    gram/100ml
    Females: hemoglobin level less

    than 12.0 gram/100ml

    Pernicious Anemia
    Pernicious is a term that means

    destructive, injurious, deadly. Pernicious Anemia is due to an inability to absorb vitamin B-12 and due to lack of intrinsic factor (IF) in the gastric mucosa

    Intrinsic factor
    also known as gastric intrinsic

    factor (GIF) is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B-12 later on in the small intestine.

    Risk Factors

    Pernicious anemia is common in

    Caucasians of Northern Europe an ancestry and African decent than in other racial groups.
    Older people also are at higher

    risk for the condition

    Youre at higher risk for pernicious anemia if you:


    Have a family history of the

    condition Have a part or all of your stomach surgically removed Have an autoimmune disorder that involves the endocrine glands(Addisons disease, Type1 Diabetes, Graves disease, or vitiligo)

    Have a part or all of your small

    intestine surgically removed (Small bowel resection) Disorders that may prevent your body from properly absorbing vitamin B12.Examples include Crohns disease, intestinal infection, and HIV.

    Taking medicines that prevent

    your body from properly absorbing vitamin B12 Are a strict vegetarian

    Causes

    Pernicious anemia is considered to

    be an autoimmune disease, in which the bodys own immune system mistakenly damages its own tissues. another autoimmune reaction against the stomach lining cells also occurs, resulting in a form of inflammation known as chronic atrophic gastritis

    Sometimes associated with other autoimmune disease such as : Gravess disease Hashimotos thyroiditis Vitiligo.

    Graves Disease

    Vitiligo

    Signs and Symptoms


    Neurological symptoms: Numbness Tingling Weakness Lack of Coordination the legs are typically more

    Clumsiness
    Impaired memory Personality changes/Mood

    swings Both sides of the body are usually affected

    affected than the arms Spasticity Pale skin Heart murmurs paraplegia fecal and urinary incontinence shiny or smooth tongue

    Dizziness

    Smooth and Shiny tongue

    Weakness

    Fecal and urinary incontinence

    Diagnosis
    CBC

    Blood smear (peripheral smear)


    Blood vitB-12 level measurements

    Test for the presence of auto-

    antibodies to intrinsic factor or stomach lining cells Blood levels of iron and ironbinding capacity

    Folate levels

    Blood levels of methylmalonic

    acid oromocysteine The Schilling test Bone marrow aspiration or Bone marrow biopsy

    Treatment
    Replenishing the vitB-12 supply in the body

    1mg of vitB-12 IM everyday for one week,

    followed by 1mg every week for 4 weeks and then 1mg every month thereafter. High-dose oral vitB-12 (1-2 miligrams/day) Nasal spray(under investigation) Sublingual(under investigation)

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