Advanced Techniques For Repair and Rehabilitation in Construction
Advanced Techniques For Repair and Rehabilitation in Construction
Anurag Sharma (UC0306) Karan Deshmukh (UC1106) Saravanan Panneervel (UC3606) Dhruv Bhavsar (UC 3706)
Repair Methods
Cosmetic repairs only improve the visual appearance of component damage and may restore non-structural properties (weather protection) but any structural benefit is negligible. Structural repairs intends to restore structural properties.
Chemical Deterioration
One of the main reasons for the detrimental sulphate action is crystallised gypsum which is formed in the pores of concrete as a result of the reaction between the sulphate ions and the Ca(OH)2 of cement. This chemical and crystallisation process is accompanied by an increase in volume and induces the pores of the concrete, particularly in the surface layer to expand and burst. This eventually leads to deterioration of concrete.
Effectiveness of Repairs
The repairs carried out using two different systems proved very effective in restoring the strength and rigidity.
Effectiveness of Repairs
Most redeeming feature of these systems is the significant increase in toughness values over cement-based systems.
This property alone renders the system most useful for repairs since the repaired areas would not deteriorate under dynamic loadings and energy distribution would be far form throughout the section.
Due to this, microcracking was conspicuously absent and hence higher durability could be achieved.
How it worked
A very low viscosity monomer was used to spray on the concrete substrate. This allowed it to penetrate the concrete matrix, strengthening the existing substrate. The two systems of polymer modified cement mortar used for sectional reconstruction have excellent adhesion with the concrete substrate, apart from having superior mechanical strength characteristics. These two important properties, coupled with their higher toughness, must have contributed to the higher load-carrying capacity and rigidity of RC beams.
Results
The epoxy based system gave 33% higher M.R. compared to equal M.R. for the latex system. For lesser deterioration, the epoxy system gave 42% higher M.R. and 4% for the latex system. In both cases of repairs, top coating of IPN polymer was provided throughout the section to protect it further from chemical attack.
Conclusions
The repair process and materials used for rehabilitation of deteriorated RC beams have proved to be effective. Rigidity and ultimate load capacity of the beam is not only restored but an increase of 13 to 15 percent in ultimate load carrying capacity is recorded. The structural integrity of the chemically deteriorated beam was restored by the repair process as seen by the similar behaviour of the repaired beam under loading. The sectional reconstruction materials used in repairs are polymermodified systems and among the two, epoxy based system has exhibited better performance.
Applications Of FRC
FRCs can be used in the concrete structures in the following forms: Plates -at a face to improve the tension capacity. Bars -as reinforcement in beams and slabs replacing the steel bars. Cables -as tendons and post tension members in suspension and bridge girders. Wraps -around concrete members to confine concrete and improve the compressive strength.
Advantages
The nonmetallic fibers have strengths that are 10 times more than that of steel The ultimate strain of these fibers is also very high. In addition, density of these materials is approximately one-third that of steel. Due to its corrosion resistance FRCs can be applied on the surface of the structure without worrying about its deterioration due to environmental attack. They in turn protect the concrete core from environmental attack
(Plate)
Wrapping is suggested around damaged concrete elements to improve the strength of the members. Wrapping can be applied to strengthen concrete beams in compression and shear.
Shotcrete
What is Shotcrete?
Shotcrete is the generic name for cement, sand and fine aggregate concretes which are applied pneumatically and compacted dynamically under high velocity.
Dry Mix
The dry mix method involves placing the dry ingredients into a hopper and then conveying them pneumatically through a hose to the nozzle. The nozzleman controls the addition of water at the nozzle. The water and the dry mixture is not completely mixed, but is completed as the mixture hits the receiving surface. This requires a skilled nozzleman, especially in the case of thick or heavily reinforced sections.
Wet Mix
Wet-mix shotcrete involves pumping of a previously prepared concrete, typically ready-mixed concrete, to the nozzle. Compressed air is introduced at the nozzle to impel the mixture onto the receiving surface.
Shotcrete
Foundation Repair
Advantages All the advantages of other pressed pilings. Custom-fitted for your home with all the advantages of the Pro-Lift System. The rigid steel connectors help prevent horizontal movementduring and after installation. The performance of Pro-Lift pilings is gauranteed for the life of your home. Guarantee is backed by the Texas Foundation Warranty Trust
Disadvantages Depth can only be verified by checking contractor records (cylinder counts, initial and final length of connector, etc.)
Normal Pile.
Pro-lift System
Pro-Lift
Advantages All the advantages of single-walled steel pilings, plus: Double-walled pipe provides extra stiffness, ensuring a straight shaft. The load of the structure bears straight down on the piling, ensuring a straight and vertical shaft. The entire piling is buried and out of sight. The concrete top assembly will not rust. The performance of Pro-Lift pilings is guaranteed for the life of your home. Guarantee is backed by the Texas Foundation Warranty Trust.
Bibliography
Mahar, J.W., Parker, H.W. and Wuellner, W.W. 1975. Shotcrete practice in underground construction. State-of-the-Art in Techniques for Rehabilitation of Buildings, 11 WCEE, Acapulco, Mexico, Paper no. 2179, Elsevier BIS (1993). IS:13935-1993 Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings Guidelines, Bureau of Inidan Standards, New Delhi. Termpaper of IIT Bombay Recent Advances in technology of repair of concrete structures available at www.krishnaconchem.com. Termpaper of IIT-Rourkee - Advanced Repair Techniques available at www.krishnaconchem.com. Shotcrete Repair in Paper Mill by Marc Ferland, Jean Froncois & Alan Chaisse.