Professional Documents
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Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards
Regulatory Body In India, issued by ICAI on 21st April,1977 Initiated by Kumar Mangalam Birla, chairman committee of Corporate Governance for Financial Disclosures Also initiated by Chair person of NACAS
NACAS As per International, there are 41 Accounting Standards called as IFRS Adopted by 8 countries in the world 70 to 80 countries planning to adhere IFRS Clause 50 added to the listing agreement mandatory
Accounting Standards 1. AS 1 to AS 15 2. AS 16 to AS 29 3. AS 30 to AS 32
Specific policies adapted to prepare FS Should be disclosed at one place Purpose :1. Better understanding of FS 2. Better comparison analysis 3. Mostly needed w.r.t Depreciation
Used for computation of Cost of inventories and to show in BS till it is sold Consists of :1. Raw Materials 2. Work in progress 3. Finished goods 4. Spares, etc
Cost of purchase (Purchase price, duties & taxes, freight inwards) Cost of conversion Determination of Net realisable value Comparison of cost and net realisable
Incoming and outgoing of cash Act as barometer to judge surplus and deficit Explain Cash flow under 3 heads :1. Cash flow from operating activities 2. Cash flow from financing activities 3. Cash flow from investing activities
Ascertain certain criteria for certain items Include income and expenditures of Financial year Consists of 2 component 1. Profit and loss of ordinary activities 2. Profit and loss of extra ordinary activities
A non-cash expenditure Distribution of total cost to its useful life Occurs due to obsolescence Different methods of computation 1. Straight line method ( SLM ) 2. Written-down value or diminishing value (WDV)
development in the financial statements, identify items of cost which comprise R&D costs lays down condition R&D cost may be deferred and requires specific disclosures to be made regarding R&D costs.
Means gross inflow of cash and other consideration like arising out of :1. Sale of goods 2. Rendering services 3. Use of enterprise resources by other yielding interest, dividend and royalities.
like land, building, P/M, etc Shown at either Historical or Revalued value
Classification for Accounting treatment:Category I: Foreign currency transactions: a) buying and selling of goods or services b) lending and borrowing in foreign currency c) Acquisition and disposition of assets 2. Category II: Foreign operations: a) Foreign branch b) Joint venture c) Foreign Subsidiary 3. Category III: Foreign Exchange contracts: a) For managing Risk/hedging b) For trading and Speculation
1.
Assistance provided by Govt. in cash or in kind like 1. Grants of Assets like P/M, Land,etc 2. Grants related to depreciable FA 3. Tax exemptions in notified area
1. 2.
3.
4. 5. 6.
Assets held for earning incomes like dividend, interest, rental for capital appreciation, etc It involves:Classification of Investment Cost of Investment Valuation of Investment Reclassification of Investment Disposal of Investment Disclosure of Investment in FS
1. 2. 3. 4.
Section 391 to 394 of Companies Act, 1956 governs the provision of amalgamation. Disclosures: Names and nature of amalgamating companies Effective date of amalgamation Method of Accounting used Particulars of scheme sanctioned under a statute
to the employees or their spouses, children or other dependants, to other such as trust, insurance companies in exchange of services rendered.
connection to the borrowed funds. Availed for acquiring building, installed FA to make it useable and saleable.
It consists of 2 segment:1. Business segment 2. Geographical segment Information and different risk and return reporting.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Related party are those party that controls or significantly influence the management or operating policies of the company during reporting period Disclosure: Related party relationship Transactions between a reporting enterprises and its related parties. Volume of transactions Amt written off in the period in respect of debts
Agreement between Lessor And Lessee Two types of leases: 1. Operating lease 2. Finance lease Different from Sale Classification to be made at the inception
Accounting for Parent and Subsidiary company in single entity Disclosure:1. List of all subsidiaries 2. Proportion of ownership interest 3. Nature of relation whether direct or indirect
Tax accounted for period in which are accounted It should be accrued and not liability to pay Deals in 2 measurements:1. Current tax 2. Deferred tax
recognizing the investment associates in CFS of the investors, so that effect of investments in associates on financial position of group is indicated.
No physical existence Can not be seen or even touched 3 featured as per AS 1. Identifiable 2. Non-monetary assets 3. Without physical substance
Depreciation
Provisions:-
It is a Liability Settlement should result in outflow Liability is result of obligating event Contingent liabilities:Obligation arises of past event Existence confirmed when actually occurred of uncertain future Contingent Asset Same as Contingent liability
AS 31 Presentation
AS 32 Disclosures Has not been made mandatory (expected in 2009)
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