This document summarizes protein metabolism. It discusses:
1. Proteins are made of amino acids, there are 20 types of amino acids that make up proteins.
2. Amino acids contain an amine group, carboxyl group, and R group. They form peptide bonds when the carboxyl group of one reacts with the amine group of another, releasing water.
3. Protein is broken down into amino acids, then ammonia and urea which is excreted, or carbon which enters the citric acid cycle for energy production.
This document summarizes protein metabolism. It discusses:
1. Proteins are made of amino acids, there are 20 types of amino acids that make up proteins.
2. Amino acids contain an amine group, carboxyl group, and R group. They form peptide bonds when the carboxyl group of one reacts with the amine group of another, releasing water.
3. Protein is broken down into amino acids, then ammonia and urea which is excreted, or carbon which enters the citric acid cycle for energy production.
This document summarizes protein metabolism. It discusses:
1. Proteins are made of amino acids, there are 20 types of amino acids that make up proteins.
2. Amino acids contain an amine group, carboxyl group, and R group. They form peptide bonds when the carboxyl group of one reacts with the amine group of another, releasing water.
3. Protein is broken down into amino acids, then ammonia and urea which is excreted, or carbon which enters the citric acid cycle for energy production.
Asetil-KoA Nitrogen amino glutamat Benda keton Karbohidrat (glukosa) Derivat nitrogen (nonprotein) Protein jaringan SIKLUS KREBS 2CO 2
T R A N S A M I N A S I D E A M I N A S I GARIS BESAR METABOLISME PROTEIN
Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids (polymers of -amino acids)
Kinds of amino acids: 20
Amount of amino acids > 50
AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and one of the twenty R-groups. Peptide bond A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, thereby releasing a molecule of water (H2O).
KATABOLISME PROTEIN Asam amino: Amonia urea ekskresi Karbon glikolisis atau SAS energi Katabolisme treonin, glisin, serin, alanin Jalur masuk asam amino ke Siklus Krebs Pembentukan urea The aromatic rings of tryptophan are precursors of nicotinate, indoleacetate, and serotonin. ASAM AMINO GLUKOGENIK
Glycine Serine Valine Histidine Arginine Cysteine Proline Alanine Glutamate Glutamine Aspartate Asparagine A glucogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis ASAM AMINO KETOGENIK A ketogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be converted into ketone bodies through ketogenesis Ketogenic amino acids are unable to be converted to glucose as both carbon atoms in the ketone body are ultimately degraded to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. In humans, the ketogenic amino acids are: Leucine, lysine In humans, the amino acids which can be ketogenic or glucogenic are: Threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, Tyrosine The three ketone bodies are: Acetoacetate, which, if not oxidized to form usable energy, Acetone, which is not used as an energy source, but is instead exhaled or excreted as waste -hydroxybutyrate is synthesized in the liver and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low. Each of these compounds is synthesized from acetyl-CoA molecules