Madeleine Leininger: Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory
Madeleine Leininger: Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory
Leininger
Culture Care Diversity and
Universality Theory
By: JOHN MARK B. POCSIDIO, RN
Madeleine Leininger
1948 - Diploma in Nursing from from St.
Anthonys School of Nursing, Denver
1950 - BS in Biological Science from
Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas
1953 - MSN from Catholic University,
Washington, D.C.
1965 - Ph.D. in Anthropology from U of Seattle
1966 - offered first course in transcultural
nursing at the U of Colorado
A major contributor to other schools in
transcultural nursing curriculum
Madeleine Leininger
Developed her theory, Culture Care
Diversity and Universality from a
combination of anthropology & nursing beliefs
& principles
1985 - first published her theory in Nursing
Science Quarterly
1988 - further explained her theory in same
journal
1991 - published her book Culture Care
Diversity and Universality: A Theory of
Nursing
Leiningers Definition of
Theory
Defines theory differently from other nursing
theorists
Theory is a systematic and creative way to
discover knowledge about something or to
account for some vaguely know phenomenon
Nursing theory must take into account the
cultural beliefs, caring, behaviors, and values
of individuals, families, and groups to provide
effective, satisfying, and culturally congruent
nursing care
Major Concepts in
Leiningers Theory:
Culture
Cultural values
Culturally diverse nursing care
Ethnocentrism
Generalization
Stereotype
Cultural congruence
Ethno-nursing, Transcultural nursing
Culture
Described as a groups values, beliefs,
norms, and life practices that are learned,
shared, and handed-down
Guides thinking, decisions, and actions in
specific ways
Provides the basis for cultural values, which
identify ways of thinking or acting
These values are usually held for a long
time and help guide decision-making in the
culture
Care
Refers to assisting, supporting, or enabling
behaviors that ease or improve a persons
condition
Is essential for a persons survival,
development, and ability to deal with lifes
events
Has different meanings in different cultures
which can be determined by examining the
groups view of the world, social structure,
and language
Culture Care
Refers to the values & beliefs that assist,
support, or enable another person or group
to maintain well-being, improve personal
condition, or face death or disability
Is universal, but the actions, expressions,
patterns, lifestyles, and meanings of care
may be different
Knowledge of cultural diversity is essential
for nursing to provide appropriate care to
clients, families, and communities
Culture Care
Diverse Care: different meanings,
patterns, values, beliefs or symbols of
care indicative of health for a specific
culture (such a role of sick person)
Universal Care: commonalities or
similarities in meanings, patterns,
values, beliefs, or symbols of care
between different cultures
World View
Refers to the outlook of a person or group
based on a view of the world or universe
Consists of social structure and
environmental context
Social Structure: organizational factors of a
particular culture (e.g., religion, economics,
education), and how these factors give
meaning and order to the culture
Environmental Context: any event,
situation, or experience that give meaning to
human expressions
Person
Is referred to as a human being
Is caring and capable of being
concerned about others
Environment
Not specifically defined by Leininger
The concepts of world view, social
structure, and environmental context
are discussed
Is closely related to the concept of
culture
Health
Is viewed as a state of well-being
Is culturally defined, valued, & practiced
Reflects the ability of individuals to
perform their daily roles
Includes health systems, health care
practices, health patterns, and health
promotion & maintenance
Is universal across all cultures yet
defined differently by each to reflect its
specific values & beliefs
Nursing
Is defined as a learned humanistic art &
science that focuses on personalized
behaviors, functions, processes to
promote and maintain health or recovery
from illness
Has physical, psycho-cultural, and social
significance for those being assisted
Uses 3 modes of action to deliver care
Nursing
Uses the Sunrise Model when caring
for clients
4 Levels
Nursings Metaparadigm
Through Leiningers Eyes:
Humanistic care
Environmental context
Holistic, transcultural caring
Points to Remember