Grammar and Structure For Ielts: Unit 3: Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Grammar and Structure for
Ielts
Unit 3: Present
Perfect Simple
Present Perfect
Continuous
Present
perfect
simple
Present Perfect Simple
Kate has bought a new

laptop
I have just finished my

homework
Actions happened at unstated time in the past
He has been a car salesman

since 1990
She has known Julie for 8

years
Actions started in the past & are continuing in the present

(especially with state V)
He has made ten pots today
I have met her 3 times this

week
These periods of time: today, this morning/afternoon.
FORMS
+ S +have/has
-
+PP
S +have/has +
NOT + PP
Have/has + S
+PP?
She has found a

new job
She has
not/hasnt found
a new job
Has she found a
new job?
Yes, she has

No, she
hasnt/has not
TIME EXPRESSIONS
1. I have known her 6 years (for)

for 6 years
2. He has lived here 2000 (since)
since 2000
3. We have finished our projects
(already)
have already
finished
4. They
have
have
justmoved
movedhouse (just)
hashas
always
moved
5. Lucy
wanted
to travel abroad
(always)
has recently
6. Mike
has published a new book
moved
For,
since,
already,
just,
always,
recently:
(+)
(recently)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
1. Have you met anybody famous ?

(ever)
Have you ever met anybody
famous?
2. have
you lived
(How
long)
How long
have here?
you lived
here
?
3. Has
Has he
he married
married ? (yet)
yet?
4. Have
Have you
you gone
gone to
to the
the cinema?
cinema
(lately)
lately?
Ever, how long, yet, lately: (?)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
1. I havent met my boyfriend 2

weeks (for)
for 2 weeks
2. She hasnt talked tosince
John last year
(since)
I havent found a
3. job
I havent
found a job (yet)
yet
He hasnt gone to school
4. lately
He hasnt gone to school (lately)
We have never heard about
5. Jack
We have heard about Jack
For,
since,
yet,
lately,
never:
(-)
(never)
Have gone (to) Have been

(to)
She hasnt come
back yet, still at
the shop
She has come

back, not at the
shop now
Past Simple Present Perfect

Simple
Peter won his

first gold medal
in 1992
action happened
at a stated time
Peter has won a

lot of medals
action happened
at an unstated
time
Past Simple Present Perfect

Simple
She had a cold for

2 days
Action started &
finished in the
past
She has had a cold

for 3 days
Action started & still
continuing in the
present
Present perfect
continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
He has been painting the

house for three days
I have been doing my

homework since 2 oclock
Action started in the past & continuous to the present
Present Perfect Continuous
He looks tired. He has

been working hard all day
Peter is irritated. He has

been waiting for the bus
for half an hour
Action recently finished & its result is evident now
FORMS
+ S +have/has+ been+He has been walking in

the rain
V-ing
S +have/has +
He hasnt been
NOT+ been+V-ing walking in the rain
? Have/has+ S+
been+ V-ing?
Has he been walking in

the rain?
Present Perfect - Present Perfect

Continuous
He has been
painting this picture
for 2 hours
Emphasis on the
duration
He has painted 20
pictures
Emphasis on
number

Continuous
He has been
teaching for six
years
action started in the past &
continuous to the present
Focus on the activity itself
They have just

made a deal
action has just
happened
Focus on the

Continuous
What have you

been doing ?
Focus on the
activity that
made him so
What have you

done?
Focus on the
result of the
action
Unit 4: Past
Tense
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect
Continuous
Past perfect
simple
1. Past Perfect Simple
He had done his homework before he went

to bed last night
- for an action which happened in the past before another past action
- the earlier action
The Past Perfect Simple
- the later action
The Past Simple
1. Past Perfect Simple
She had watered all

the flowers by 5
oclock in the
afternoon.
By the time he was six,

he had written a
composition of his own
for an action which happened before a stated time in the
past
Past Perfect Simple

TIME EXPRESSIONS
Before
After
already
just
till/until
when, by, by the time, ect
Past Perfect Simple

FORMS
S + HAD (d) + V-ed/V3
He had finished the housework

He had left Paris
S + HAD + Not + V-ed/V3

Had not = Hadnt
HAD + S + V-ed/V3 ?
He hadnt finished the housework

He hadnt left Paris
Had he finished the housework?

Had he left Paris?
Past perfect
continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
They have
been waiting
for the bus for
half an hour
They had been

waiting for the
bus for half an
hour before it
came
the past equivalent of the present perfect continuous.
Peter is irritated. He has been waiting

for the bus for half an hour
Peter was irritated.
He.for
had
been
the bus forwaiting
half an hour

FORMS
S + HAD + Been + V-ing
He had been studying
S + HAD + Not + Been + V-ing
He hadnt been studying
HAD + S + Been + V-ing ?
Had he been studying?
4. EXERCISES
Ex.1/13
have already
3.....
seen
Have just
4...
received
were
5.
..
represented
6...
7..
Unit 3
Have played
8.....
9...
Havent
10.
.
travelled
Went
11...
.
12
..
Ex.2/13
had increased
rose
Has risen
was
Have overtaken
Has grown
occurred
Ex.3/14
Ex.4/15
Have been
Have been
living
Have youstudying
done
Have been
Have travelled
ve done
ve been
ve started
taking
ve just passed
ve taken
ve never felt
ve been taking
ve always
ve
always
wanted
ve already
been
Unit 4
Ex.2/18
Had doubled
remained
began
Had tripled
was
Increased
Had reached
Had peaked
Had
managed
Ex.3/19
2..Had always
.
been
Had heard
3.....
Arrived
4...
Had felt
Had come
5.
..
Had walked
6...
Had learnt
Had prepared
7..
Had expected
10...
..
Took of
11...
Didnt feel
.
Approached
12.
.
Had done
13...
19. Had
14done
.. Hadnt burnt
Stepped
Had hoped
15.
Managed
16
.
Ex.4/20
Had started
bought
Had never
taken
visited
d been
d
decided
d made
Hadnt
waited
stayed
d liked
d already
discussed
felt
d been
developin
g
d
phoned
d been running

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Grammar and Structure for

Present Perfect Simple

Kate has bought a new

I have just finished my

Actions happened at unstated time in the past

Present Perfect Simple

He has been a car salesman

She has known Julie for 8

Actions started in the past & are continuing in the present

Present Perfect Simple

He has made ten pots today

I have met her 3 times this

These periods of time: today, this morning/afternoon.

She has found a

Yes, she has

1. I have known her 6 years (for)

1. Have you met anybody famous ?

Ever, how long, yet, lately: (?)

1. I havent met my boyfriend 2

Have gone (to) Have been

She has come

Past Simple Present Perfect

Peter won his

Peter has won a

Past Simple Present Perfect

She had a cold for

She has had a cold

Present Perfect Continuous

He has been painting the

I have been doing my

Action started in the past & continuous to the present

Present Perfect Continuous

He looks tired. He has

Peter is irritated. He has

Action recently finished & its result is evident now

+ S +have/has+ been+He has been walking in

Has he been walking in

Present Perfect - Present Perfect

Present Perfect - Present Perfect

They have just

Present Perfect - Present Perfect

What have you

What have you

1. Past Perfect Simple

He had done his homework before he went

1. Past Perfect Simple

She had watered all

By the time he was six,

Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple

S + HAD (d) + V-ed/V3

He had finished the housework

S + HAD + Not + V-ed/V3

He hadnt finished the housework

Had he finished the housework?

Past Perfect Continuous

They had been

the past equivalent of the present perfect continuous.

Past Perfect Continuous

Peter is irritated. He has been waiting

Past Perfect Continuous

S + HAD + Been + V-ing