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Chapter9 Braking DC
Chapter9 Braking DC
Braking of dc Motors
Regenerative
Fm
Fm
Fl
Fl
Speed
mg
T(downhill)
mg
T(uphill)
T(
Torque
Vt
Ra
T
2 l
K ( K )
Vt Ea
Tl
Ia
Ra
K
Ra
If
f
Ea
Ia
V
t
Vt
Ra
3
Tdown
2
K ( K )
Vt Ea 3 Tdown
I a3
Ra
K
Vt Ea 3
Vt
K
Vt Ea 2
Tl 2
I a2
0
Ra
K
Vt Ea 2
Vt
Ra
1
T
2 up
K ( K )
Vt Ea1 Tup
I a1
Ra
K
Vt E1
Speed
2
o
1
Ea = V
Motor
Operation
Generator
Operation
Ea
Speed
T(down)
T(up)
Torque
Example
A 440 V dc motor has a rated armature
current of 76 A at a speed of 1000 rev/min.
The armature resistance of the motor is
0.377 and the rotational losses is 1 kW.
The load of the motor is bi-directional.
Solution
Speed
n3
no
1000
n1
T(braking)
T(motor)
Torque
Speed
n3
no
1000
n1
T(braking)
T(motor)
Torque
Ea
Ea
K
3.93
2 n
60
Speed
n3
no
1000
n1
T(braking)
T(motor)
Torque
Vt
440
o
111 .96
K
3.93
Vt
Ra
Vt Ra I a 3
440 0.377 60
3
Tl 3
117 .72
2
K ( K )
K
3.93
Speed
n3
no
1000
n1
T(braking)
T(motor)
Torque
Speed
n3
no
1000
n1
T(braking)
T(motor)
Torque
P1 I a1 Vt 76 440 33.4 kW
Pg Ea 3 I a 3 462.64 60 27.76
V1
o1
1
V2
o3
4
T1
Torque
Dynamic Braking
A
B
Ra
Vf
If
Rb
Ea
Ra
Ib
Vf
If
Rb
Ea
Ea
k
Ib
Ra Rb
Ra Rb
2
Ea
( K )
Pb
Ra Rb Ra Rb
Speed
Rb2
Rb3
Rb1
Ib1
Ib2
Ib3
Ia
Ea
k
Ib
Ra Rb
Ra Rb
Current
Tb
Tl
Torque
Speed
Constant
Torque
Tb
Tl
Torque
Example
A 440 V dc Separately Excited motor has a rated
armature current of 76 A at a speed of 1000
rev/min. The armature resistance of the motor is
0.377. Assume that the load torque is
gravitational. A dynamic braking technique
employing a braking resistance of 2 is used.
Calculate the new steady state speed.
Solution
A
B
Ra
Compute K
Vf
If
Rb
Ea
Ea
Ea
K
3.93
2 n
60
k C
IC
Ra Rb
Solution
3.93C
76
(0.3772)
Speed
A
Tb
nC 439
Tl
Torque
Fm
Fm
Fl
Fl
Motion
Motion
Fm
Fm
Fl
Fl
Motion
Motion
Speed
V1
o1
1
V2
o3
4
Tsc
Torque
5
T1
Ra
V1
1
T
2 1
K ( K )
Speed
V1
o1
1
V2
o3
4
Tsc
Torque
5
T1
V2
o3
K
Ra
V
4 2
T 0
2 sc
K ( K )
KV2
Tsc
Ra
V2
Ra
T 0
2 1
K ( K )
Speed
V1
o1
1
V2
o3
4
Tsc
Torque
5
T1
speed
Torque
b
Ia
Ea
Ea
Ia
Ra
Ra
Speed
2
4
Tl
Tl
Torque
Current (I)
Speed
2
4
Tl
I 2 2 I st without Rst
Tl
Torque
Current (I)
Speed
2
4
T4
Tl
Torque
Current (I)
Speed
2
4
Tl
Tl
Torque
Current (I)
B
S
Rb
A
Ea
Ra
Rb > 0
2
3
4
Rb = 0
Tl
Tl
V3 Ea 3
I3
Ra Rb
Normal
operation
Torque
Current (I)
Example 9.5
A dc motor has an armature resistance of 1
, and K = 3 Vsec. When the motors
terminal voltage is adjusted to 320 V, the
motor speed is 1000 r/min. A TVR braking
is applied, calculate the value of the braking
resistance that would reduce the maximum
braking current to twice the rated current.
Solution
V1 Ea1
I a1
6
Ra
I 3 I b 2 I a 12
2
320 3
1000
V2 E a1
V2 K 1
60
Ib
12
Ra Rb
Ra Rb
1 Rb
Rb 51.8
Speed
1
4
V2
Tl
Tl
Vb Ea 3
I3
Ra
Normal
operation, V1
Torque
Current (I)
Speed
1
2
3
Torque
5
T