Developing A Concrete Mix Design Manual For Nigeria
Developing A Concrete Mix Design Manual For Nigeria
Matawal Danladi S.
Ojo Emeso B.
Gai Friday I.
Adamu Isah K.
Tyoden Juliana N.
Chukwuma Gerald O.
CONCRETE
Concrete is one of the most widely
concrete.
Concrete is formed when cement creates a paste
with water that binds with sand and gravel to
harden.
Significant Properties and Quality Indicators
Strength Class
Water to Cement ratio
Objective
Methodology
Adoption of BRE Method (British Standards) as a
baseline
Series of tests were carried out on major
constituents: aggregates and cement to ensure
conformity with British Standards
Mix Design was carried out using the British
Standards to ascertain required proportions for
various concrete mixes
Sixteen cubes were prepared for each mix
Workability was verified for each mix
Compressive Strength and Density was determined
at various ages of concrete
Comparison of charts developed with BS charts
Scope of Project
Maximum Aggregate Size: 10mm and 20mm
Strength class of cement: 32.5, 42.5 and
52.5
Slump: 30-60mm and 60-180mm
Compressive strength at different ages of
concrete: 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
Concrete grade: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 50
Type of fine aggregate: stone dust and river
sand
Test
Aggregate
Value
Specification
Impact Value
13.72
45 (BS 882 )
Crushing
27.29
45 (BS 882 )
Value %
Flakiness %
Specific
21.25
40 (BS 882 )
2.67
2.3 2.9
0.3
0.2 4
2.45
2.3 2.9
0.26
0.2 - 2
%
Aggregate
Gravity
(Coarse
Aggregate)
Absorption %
(Coarse
Aggregate)
Specific
Gravity (Fine
Aggregate)
Absorption %
(Fine
10
120.00
19.05mm
Upper Limit
100.00
Lower Limit
12.7mm
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
9.53mm
Lower Limit
100.00
0.00
1
10
Upper Limit
100
12.7mm
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
1
10
100
11
40.00
20.00
0.00
1
10
Sieve Size mm
100
40.00
20.00
0.00
1
10
Sieve Size mm
100
12
Combined Gradation of
Aggregates
Proportions %
Aggregate Size
mm
0 -- 4
4--8
8--16
16--20
100.00
80.00
100.00
Grading
curve
80.00
Upper Limit
60.00
45.00
25.00
24.00
6.00
Lower Limit
60.00
Percentage Passing %
40.00
Grading curve
Percentage Passing %
40.00
Upper Limit
Lower Limit
20.00
0.00
0.1
20.00
1
Sieve Size mm
10
0.00
0.1
1
Sieve Size mm
10
13
RESULT
Specific Gravity
3.1
Fineness %
34.2
0.75
Setting time:
Initial setting time
23
42.5R
RESULT
37.2
3.12
47.4
24.9
1
Satisfactory
30.6
Satisfactory
STANDARD
16
NIS 4441:2003
2.5
NIS 4441:2003
10mm
142
Satisfactory
NIS 444-1:2003
60mins
600mins
187
(mins)
2 day Compressive Strength
REMARKS
127
(mins)
185
Setting time:
Initial setting time
(mins)
STANDARD
NIS 444-1:2003
2.5
NIS 4441:2003
10mm
NIS 4441:2003
60mins
600mins
REMARKS
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Compressive Strength against Age
Satisfactory
Age (days)
32.5N
42.5R
14
15
where
16
70
60
50
40
Compressive Strength
30
20
10
0
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Water cement ratio
0.8
0.9
17
Maximum size of
aggregate mm
10
20
40
Type of
aggregate
Uncrushed
Crushed
Uncrushed
Crushed
Uncrushed
Crushed
Slump
30-60
Slump
60-180
150
180
205
225
180
205
230
250
135
160
180
195
170
190
210
225
115
140
160
175
155
175
190
205
18
19
Relative density
of combined
aggregate (on
saturated and
2.4 surface dry basis)
Linear (2.4)
2.5
2300
2.6
2200
2100
2.7
2.8
2.9
where
20
21
22
40
G20
30
25
30
20
25
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
G25
35
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
25
30
20
Compressive Strength N/mm2
15
10
5
0
0
60
50
G35
45
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
25
30
G40
50
40
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
40
35
30
25
Compressive Strength N/mm2
20
15
30
Compressive Strength N/mm2
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
10
20mm/30-60
S lump
5
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
25
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
25
30
23
70
G30
40
35
30
50
25
40
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
20
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
30
15
10mm/30-60
S lump
10
10mm/60-180
S lump
20
20mm/30-60
S lump
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
G50
60
25
30
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
0
5
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
25
30
24
35
G20
30
G25
30
25
25
20
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
45
20
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
25
30
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
5
0
5
40
30
35
25
30
15
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
45
35
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
20
25
30
10mm/30-60
S lump
10
G30
40
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
15
25
30
G35
25
Compressive
Strength N/mm2
20
10mm/30-60
S lump
15
10
10mm/60-180
S lump
5
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
25
30
25
60
G40
50
G50
50
40
40
30
Compressive Strength N/mm2
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
30
Compressive Strength N/mm2
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/60-180
S lump
25
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
Age of Concrete (days)
10mm/30-60
S lump
10mm/60-180
S lump
20mm/30-60
S lump
25
30
26
42.5
10mm
Max Size
of Aggt
20mm
10mm
20mm
Design
Slump
mm
30-60
60-180
30-60
60-180
30-60
60-180
30-60
60-180
20
30
179.5
51
77.5
50
149
25
85
25
40
179.5
49.5
82.5
45
172
53
137
30
43
175
35
60.5
43
155
46
91
35
27.5
90
49.5
28
53
108
45
71
40
10
18.5
50
50
56
122
46
49.5
50
12
nil
nil
40
63
nil
nil
27
Characteristic Strength
Target Strength
60
50
40
Compressive Strength N/mm2
30
20
10
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Water - Cement ratio
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
28
60
50
40
Compressive Strength N/mm2
30
20
10
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Water - Cement ratio
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
29
70
Target Strength
30-60 Slump (10mm)
60
50
40
Compressive Strength N/mm2
30
20
10
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Water Cement ratio
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
30
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
31
60
50
40
Compressive Strength N/mm2
30
British Method 42.5
20
10
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Water-Cement ratio
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
32
Conclusion/ Recommendations
Further tests would need to be conducted to
33