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PPP Embryo N Histo Endocrine System
PPP Embryo N Histo Endocrine System
The pharyngeal
apparatus
consists of the
pharyngeal
arches,
pharyngeal
pouches,
pharyngeal
grooves, and
pharyngeal
membranes.
Thymus Development
Thymus epithelium derives from Endoderm - third pharyngeal
pouch
Week 6 - diverticulum elongates, hollow then solid, ventral cell
proliferation
Thymic primordia - surrounded by neural crest mesenchyme,
epithelia/mesenchyme interaction
(Current research has shown that the human thymic epithelium derives
solely from the third pharyngeal pouch -as in the mouse).
Hypophysis
Because of its dual origin (ectoderm/developing brain), the
pituitary gland actually consists of two glands the posterior
neurohypophysis and the anterior adenohypophysis united
anatomically but with different functions.
Pars Distalis
75% of the gland
Fibroblasts are present and produce
reticular fibers supporting the cords of
hormone-secreting cells.
Common stains suggest two broad
groups of cells based on staining
affinity: chromofils (secretory cells)
and chromophobes (C). Chromofils
are also known as basophils (B) and
acidophils (A) according to their
affinity for basic or acidic dyes.
S-sinusoids
Pars Tuberalis
Funnel-shaped region
surrounding the infundibulum
of neurohypophysis. Most of
the cells are basophilic
gonadotropic cells.
Adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
Cells have characteristics
features of steroid-secreting
cells. (central nuclei, acidophilic
cytoplasm, lipid droplets, profuse
SER)
Zona
Glomerulosa
(15%)
Zona
Fasciculata
65-80%)
Zona
Reticularis
(10%)
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal medulla is composed of large, pale-staining
polyhedral cells arranged in cords or clumps and supported
by a reticular fiber network.
The hormonesecreting cells of
adrenal medulla are
chromaffin cells,
which resemble
sympathetic
neurons lacking
axons and
dendrites.
Pancreas
The pancreatic islets
(Islets of Langerhans) are
compact spherical
masses of endocrine
tissue embedded within
the acinar exocrine tissue
Make up 1-2 % of the
organs volume.
Each islet consists of
polygonal or rounded
cells, smaller, and more
lightly stained than the
surrounding acinar cells.
A low-magnification micrograph
reveals many islets stained lighter than
the surrounding tissue. The white spots
are adipocytes.
C- capillaries
Thyroid gland
The parenchyma of the thyroid is composed of millions of
rounded epithelial structures known as thyroid follicles. Each
follicle consists of a simple epithelium and a central lumen
filled with a gelatinous substance called colloid. The gland is
covered by a fibrous capsule from which septa extend into the
parenchyma, dividing it into lobules.
C- capsule, S- septa, L- lumen
Parathyroid glands
Four small oval masses each 3 x 6 mm with a total weight
of about 0.4 g located on the back of the thyroid gland. Each
gland is contained within a capsule of CT. (S- septa)
Two types of cells are
present in the
Parathyroid glands:
Chief (Principal)
cells (P)
Small polygonal cells with
round nuclei and palestaining acidophilic
cytoplasm.
Pineal gland
Also known as Pineal
body or Epiphysis.
Small pine, cone-shaped
organ
5-8 mm in length and 3-5
mm width.
150 mg
Develops with the brain
from neuroectoderm in
the roof of the
diencephalon and is found
in the posterior of the third
ventricle, attached to the
brain by a short stalk.
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