What is an alcoholic

beverage?
A

beverage that contains a

portion of ethanol. (CH3CH2OH)
Ethanol is produced by a process
called fermentation - the
metabolism of carbohydrates by
certain species of yeast in the
absence of oxygen
Yeast
Absence of oxygen
Sugar
Alcohol

CLASSIFICATION OF
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Fermented
Brewed

Distilled

Compound

Fermented Beverages
Grapes

: Wines
Apples
:Cider
Pears
:Perry
Honey
:Mead
Agave or Maguey :Pulque

What is Wine

What is Wine?

Wine - The Definition

Wine is the fermented juice of any fruit or vegetable.

You can make wine from almost any organic substance that
contains sugar and water typically found in fruits and
vegetables.
Five basic types of wine are:
Red Wine
White Wine
Rose Wine
Sparkling Wine - carbonated
Fortified Wine - high alcohol content
Sherry - Spanish style wine (amber to brown) can be
made sweet or not sweet.
Port - Sweet red wine originally from Portugal
Madeira - from Madeira Islands made from cooked grapes
& aged
Marsala - Italian wine made from concentrated grape
juice.

Why use grapes to make

Winemaking is the art of making wine.
wine?
It

involves working with grape juice (natural sugars,

water, grape solids) and yeast to achieve a balance of
wine qualities:
sweetness
acidity
alcohol content
Why grapes? Wine from grapes possesses a good
combination of these qualities.
While natural occurring yeast on the grapes will work,
winemakers tend to use developed strains of yeast
today.

List of Grapes

White Wine Grapes:

Chardonnay (shar-dun-NAY)
Chenin Blanc(SHEN'N BLAHNK)
Gewurtztraminer (geh-VERTS-trah-meener)
Pinot Gris (PEE-no GREE or GREE-zho)
Riesling (REES-ling)
Sauvignon Blanc(SO-vin-yon BLAHNK)
Semillon (SEM-ih-yon)
Viognier (vee-oh-NYAY])

List of Grapes

Red Wine Grapes:

Barbera (bar-BEHR-uh)
Brunello (broo-NEHL-oh)
Cabernet Franc (cab-er-NAY FRANK)
Cabernet Sauvignon (cab-er-NAY SO-vin-yon)
Dolcetto (dole-CHET-to)
Gamay (ga-MAY)
Grenache (greh-NAHSH)
Malbec (MAHL-beck)
Merlot (mur-LO)
Nebbiolo (NEH-bee-oh-low)
Pinot Noir (PEE-no NWA)
Sangiovese (san-geeo-VEHS-eh)
Syrah or Shiraz (sih-RAH or shih-RAHZ)
Tempranillo

(temp-rah-NEE-yo)
Zinfandel (ZIHM-fan-dell)

How is wine made?

It starts in the vineyard at
harvest:
It is important to wait until the
grapes reach the proper maturity for
the varietal of grape & style of wine
being made.
As the grapes ripen, the sugar level
increases and the acidity decreases.
The sugar level is measured in units
of Brix; wine grapes are usually
harvested at a Brix of 22 to 28.
Ripening will depend on many
factors, such as the temperature,
amount of sun and rainfall,
availability of nutrients.
The grapes can be harvested
manually or by mechanical pickers.

Manual picking

Mechanical picking

How is wine made?

After harvesting:

The grapes are transported to the

winery where they undergo
destemming and crushing.
There are a variety of presses that
are used to produce the juice,
which is called must.
The sugar in the wine is used by the
yeast to produce ethyl alcohol and
carbon dioxide gas, thus making
wine.
The type of yeast can affect the
qualities of the wine as will other
compounds in the wine - some
naturally occurring and some that
are byproducts of the

Crusher

Small Bladder Press

Large Rotary Press

How is wine made?

Fermentation and Aging:

After crushing and pressing the must is
transferred to large, refrigerated
stainless steel tanks where it is
fermented to produce wine.
Once fermentation is complete, the
wine can be transferred to oak barrels
for aging for 6 to 24 months. But, not
all wine is oak aged.
The barrels are usually made from
either French or American Oak, which
give differing qualities to the wine.
Some wine is aged in old barrels and
some in new to produce different
characteristics, as well.
The wine maker will then blend the
various lots of wine to produce a

Active Yeast Cells

Fermentation Tanks

Barrel filling

Barrel aging

How is wine
Bottling and Cellaring:
made?
After the wine is complete it is

Bottling line

transferred to bottles.
Most wine is consumed within
three years of bottling.
But some fine wines gain added
flavor and bouquet with time in
the bottle if it is stored at 50 to 60
F. But, humidity is also important
so that the corks do not dry out,
which spoils the wine.
Large Commercial Cellar
The wines commonly aged in the
bottle are:
Cabernet Sauvignon (Red)
Pinot Noir (Red)
Chardonnay (White)
Champagne (White Sparkling)

Bottles being filled

Small in-home cellar

Storing Wine in CELLAR!

Temperature

10 - 12C
Humidity 50 - 80 %
Darkness
Calm
Air Ventilation
Angle of Storage

Differences in making red & white

White Wine:
Red Wine:
wine
Grapes

for white wine are

harvested and pressed.
The must is fermented in
stainless steel tanks.
Some white wines, such
as Chardonnay, is aged in
oak barrels.
The wine is bottled
Most white wines are not
bottle aged but consumed
with in 3 years of bottling.
However, an exception is
particularly fine wines
made from Chardonnay
and Champagne.

Grapes

for red wine are

harvested, crushed.
The must is left with the
skins during fermentation to
produce the red color.
Red wine is commonly aged
in oak barrels for 6 to 24
months.
The wine is bottled.
Many red wines are ready
to drink after bottling.
However, some red wines,
such as Cabernet
Sauvignon, will benefit with
some bottle age.

Making blush & sparkling wines

Blush

Wine: (pink
wines)
Red grapes are harvested
for Rose or Blush wine.
Before fermentation the
must
is left with the skin for a
short time.
The must is fermented in
stainless steel tanks.
If a sweet wine is desired
then the fermentation is
stopped before all of the
sugar is consumed.
The wine is bottled
Blush wines are not
commonly bottle aged

Champagne

(Sparking)

Wine:
Grapes for sparking wine are
harvested and pressed.
It is fermented like a white
wine.
More sugar and yeast is
added to the wine.
The wine is bottled.
The additional sugar and
yeast produce carbon dioxide,
which carbonates the wine.
The second fermentation is
stopped.
Most sparkling wines are
made to drink young. But,
fine Champagne will benefit

Making fortified wine

Fortified Wine:
Grapes for fortified wines are
harvested like for other wines.
Depending on the type of wine, the
must may be handled in different
ways to intensify the flavor before and
during fermentation.
Most fortified wines have an addition
of alcohol (brandy) to stop
fermentation and increase the alcohol
content.
Fortified wine maybe aged in oak
barrels before bottling.
Many fortified wines will benefit with
bottle age.
Principle fortified wines are :
Sherry - Port Madeira -Marsala

AROMATIZED WINES:
Aperitif wines are aromatized wines.The wine
has been infused with botanicals
that add flavor and color.The most famous
aromatized wine is vermouth
Wine + Grape spirit=Fortified wine
Fortified wine + flavouring=Aromatized wine

Organic Wines:
Wine made from grapes grown in
accordance with principles of organic
farming, which typically excludes the
use of artificial chemical
fertilizers,prestcides,fungicides and
herbicides

Tasting Wine
Temperature

White Wine 6-11 C

Red Wine 16-18 C
No ICE for cooling!
Glasses

Tasting Wine
Red

Wines
To increase surface
To collect its own aroma
==> Larger glasses
==> Round Shapes

Tasting Wine
White

Wines
Not to be warmed up
==> Small Glasses

Tasting Wine - Mistakes!

Do

not full fill the glass

Do not swallow
immediately

Try

to feel the taste, smell and see the

color.

Tasting Wine
Watching

Tasting
Smell

Why smelling, not only tasting?

Men can perceive only 4 kinds by
tasting
But, can perceive hundreds of by
smelling!

WINE GLASSES

Wine Production

CONTD.

WINE SERVICE

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED FOR

WINES SERVICE

WORLD WINES

WINE PRODUCING REGIONS

Wine producing regions of

France

FRANCE APPELLATIONS

Top 10 FRENCH WINE NAMES

1. 2006

Bourgogne Chardonnay
2. 2005 Chteau Barreyres, Haut-Mdoc, Cru
Bourgeois
3. 2006 Bourgogne Pinot Noir
4. 2007 Domaine Josmeyer Alsace Pinot Blanc"Mise
du Printemps"
5. 2005 Chteau Mont-Redon, Ctes-du-Rhne
Rouge
6. 2006 Chteau Puysserguier, Saint Chinian Blanc
7. 2007 Ct Tariquet, Ctes de Gascogne
8. Laurent Perrier NV Brut Ultra Champagne
9. 2005 Chteau Roques Mauriac "Classic"
Bordeaux Ros
10.2005 Iroulguy, Domaine Ilarria,"Cuve Bixinto"

WINE PRODUCING REGIONS OF ITALY

ITALIAN WINE APPELATIONS

Lowest
Standard

Second
Standard
Second
Highest
Standard

Highest

VDT
Vino da Tavola

IGT
Indicazione
Geografica
Tipica
DOC
Denominazione
di Origine
Controllata
DOCG
Denominazione
di Origine

The Italian Table Wine. But

unlike their French
counterparts, some, for
example the Super-Tuscan,
choose to set their own
rules and are themselves
excellent wines.
This is comparable to the
Vin de Pays of France.

A DOC wine is equivalent

to an French AOC wine.

This is like an AOC Wine of

France, except that it also

Top 10 Italian Wine

Brands
C del Bosco Franciacorta Annamaria
Clementi
2. Villa Raiano Fiano di Avellino
3. Venica Ronco delle Cime
4. Pieropan Soave Classico La Rocca
5. Giacomo Conterno Barolo Monfortino
6. Gaja Barbaresco
7. Zenato Amarone della Valpolicella
8. Banfi Brunello di Montalcino Poggio
allOro
9. Donnafugata Passito di Pantelleria
Ben Ry
10. Incisa della Rocchetta Sassicaia
1.

WINE PRODUCING REGIONS OF SPAIN:

SPAIN WINE APPELATIONS:

DOCa Denominacin de Origen Calificada:This category
originated in 1991 and is the highest quality category for Spanish
wine. Only Rioja and recently also the Priorat wine region received
DOCa status. The wines must be bottled in the wine region.
DO Denominacin de Origen:The second category for Spanish
wine is DO, similar to the French AOC, which includes the most wellknown classical Spanish wines. The wines have to meet the
requirements of the Consejo Regulador (Supervision of the individual
wine regions), who then decides if a wine-maker is entitled to use
the DO label for his wine.
DO Pago Stays for a single property. The wine is made in one
property in one small area.
Classification of table wines:Wines from regions with no DO
status as yet, but with an identifiable regional character.
VC Vino Comarcal :Areas that have no great claims on quality.
VdM Vino de Mesa:Vino de Mesa is wine made from grapes from
unclassified areas or blended from different classified areas. Usually
without vintage.
Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva:
Crianza:Total stored 24 months, al least 6 months in oak
Reserva:Total stored 36 months, al least 12 months in oak
Gran Reserva:Total stored 60 months, al least 24 months in oak

TOP 10 SPANISH
WINES
1. Roda

I 2005, Rioja
2. Dol de la Obac 2005, Priorat
3. Astrales 2005, Ribera del Duero
4. Termanthia 2005, Toro
5. Pazo de Seorns Seleccin de aada 2003,
Rias Baixas (Albario)
6. Abadia Retuerta Pago Gardua 2006, Vinos de
la Tierra de Castilla y Leon
7. Pars Balt Absis 2003, Peneds
8. Dominio de Tares Bembibre 2004, Bierzo
9. La Via de Andrs Romeo 2005, Rioja
10.
Sandeman Royal Esmeralda 20 year
11.
old Amontillado

WINE PRODUCING REGIONS OF

PORTUGAL

PORTUGAL WINE APPELATIONS

Table

Wines (Vinho de Mesa) are those wines which are not

certified as to origin or vintage. They can include a diverse
collection of grapes grown in many different regions.

Regional Wines (Vinho Regional) are certified as to the origin

of the grapes. There are 11 wine regions in Portugal, and each
wine region is controlled by a Regional Winegrowing Commission
(Comisso de Viticultura da Regio or C.V.R.) that inspects and
certifies the grapes source and quality. A numbered CVR stamp
of certification should be visible on the back label of any
certified Regional Wine.

Provincial Wines (Indicao de Proveniencia Regulamentada

or IPR) are a step up from Regional Wines. This certification is
often considered as merely a step toward Demarcated Wines
classification.

Demarcated Wines (Denominao de Origem Controlada or

DOC) have the highest wine certification in Portugal. DOC zones
are more specific and strict as to the origin of the grapes.
Certification is quite stringent and indicates the highest quality
of wine. DOC roughly corresponds to the French Appellation
dorigine contrle (AOC), the Italian Denominazione di origine
controllata (DOC), and the Spanish Denominacin de Origen
(DO) classifications.

TOP 10 PORTUGESE WINES

Quinta da Dona, Bairrada 2004
Quinto do Crasto, Reserve Old Vines, Douro
2004
Qunito do Crasto, Vinha de Ponte, Douro 200
7
T-Nac by Falorca, Dao 2007
Labrador, Vinho Regional Duriense 2007
Po de Poeira, Vinho Regional Terras Duriense
s 2008
Quinto do Cardo, Siria, Beira Interior 2008
Quinta do Coa, Douro Superieur 2007
Quinto dos Roques, Garrafeira, Dao 2003
Quinto do Ameal, Loureiro, Vinho Verde 2008

GERMAN WINE REGIONS

GERMAN WINE APPELATIONS

QmP

Qualittswein mit Prdikat

(Quality Wine with Special Attributes)
QbA Qualittswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete
(Quality Wine from Specific Appellations)
Deutscher Landwein
(Superior Table Wine)
Deutscher Tafelwein
(Simple Table Wine)

QmP wines are the

Highest quality wines in
Germany that are tested
And Assigned one of
six levels of ripeness.

GERMAN TOP 10 BEST

WINES
Kendall Jackson Vintner's Reserve Chardonnay 2
005
Fetzer
Valley Oaks German Riesling 2005 (Germany )
St. Supery
Sauvignon Blanc Napa Valley 2003 (CA)
Eola Hills Pinot Gris 2005
McManis
Family Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon 2005
Rex Goliath Pinot Noir
Yellow Tail Shiraz (Aus)
Dancing Bull 2003 Zinfandel
Beringer's White Zinfandel 2005
Korbel Champagne Brut

CALIFORNIAN WINE REGIONS

CALIFORNIAN WINE APPELATIONS

THE APPELLATIONS OF CALIFORNIA WINE Appellations may
be AVAs or areas defined by political boundaries, such as
counties or states. A wine bearing the "California"
appellation ensures that one hundred percent of the grapes
were grown in California.
Napa

Valley
Sonoma County
Mendocino County
Marin County
Lake County
Monterey County
San Luis Obispo
Paso Robles
Santa Barbara
San Diego
Central Valley
Sierra Foothills

CALIFORNIAN TOP 10 WINES

2007

Silver Oak Cabernet Sauvignon

Napa Valley
Pomar Junction 2009 Picnic
Chardonnay
2006

ABBONA BAROLO TERLO

RAVERA
Wrath 2011Ex Anima Sauvigno
n Blanc
Pomar Junction 2008 Cabernet
Sauvignon

AUSTRALIAN WINE REGIONS

AUSTRALIAN TOP 10 WINES

1. Tahbilk

Marsanne
2. dArenberg The Last Ditch Viognier
3. Evans & Tate Margaret River Chardonnay
4. Benson Rise Cygne Blanc
5. Stonier Pinot Noir
6. Petaluma Shiraz
7. Clairault Estate Cabernet Sauvignon
8. John Duval 'Plexus
9. Chambers Rosewood Vineyards Grand Muscat
10.Jacobs Creek Reserve Chardonnay/
Pinot Noir Brut Cuvee

SOUTH AFRICAN TOP 10 WINES

1.Ken

Forrester Cape Breeze Chenin Blanc

2.Flagstone Noon Gun Dry White
3.Beyerskloof Pinotage,
4.Stellar Organics Syrah Ros
5.Bellingham Bernard Series Old Vine Chenin
Blanc
6.Paul Cluver Weisser Riesling Noble Late
Harvest
7.Iona The Gunnar
8.Graham Beck Brut NV
9.Morgenhof Cape Late Bottled
10.Hamilton Russell Pinot Noir

FINEST INDIAN WINES

La

Reserve red wine

Cabernet Shiraz red wine
Viognier Clairette white wine,
Shiraz Rose' wine,
Sula Dindori Reserve Shiraz
sparkling wine
Sauvignon Blanc white wine.

BEVERAGE SERVICE EQUIPMENT

Other sevice
equipment

Glassware
Mise en
place

GLASSWARE FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

There are 3 categories: water, soft drink, milk glasses

Water
goblet

Water tumbler

Milk glass
Used for cold and warm milk, sour milk, yoghurt and
milk shakes

Lemonade or soft drink glass

Used for all soft drinks.

BEER GLASSES
Beer glasses are used exclusively to
serve beer.
2

They come in many

shapes and forms:
1. Beer pokal
2. Beer tulip
3. Bierstange
4. Super mug
5. Pilsner

As a rule of
thumb, the
better the beer,

WINE GLASSES
Riedel Vinum

RED AND WHITE WINE GLASSES

Red Bordeaux
Red Bordeaux, Brunello di Montalcino, Cabernet franc,
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Rioja, Sangiovese,
Tempranillo
Red
Burgundy
Barbaresco, Barolo, Beaujolais, Grand Cru, red
Burgundy, Gamay, Nebbiolo, Pinot noir

Syrah
Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Hermitage rouge,Grenache, and Syrah

Chiant
i
Chianti, Dolcetto, Sangiovese, Vino Nobile di
Montepulciano, Zinfandel

RED AND WHITE WINE GLASSES

Old
Bordeaux

Mature bordeaux and Zweigelt and rich-bodied whites

with
average acidity:Albarino, white bordeaux,Chardonnay,
Chenin blanc, Condrieu, Hermitage blanc, marsanne,
Pinot
Meursault,
noir
Only
fruity,
full-bodied
red wines
with
high
Pinotvery
blanc,
Rulnder,
Sauvignon
blanc,
Semillon
content
of and
alcohol
(Barrique)
Viognier
Barbera, Blaufrnkisch, Blauer Portugieser, Carignan,
Gamay, Pinot noir, Teroldego, Trollinger also for
following white wines: white Burgundy, mature
Rheinga
Chardonnay, Corton-Charlemagne, Meursault and
u
Montrachet
Grner Veltliner, Orvieto classico, Pinot blanc,
Riesling, Roter Veltliner, Rulnder, Scheurebe,
Sylvaner, Vernaccia, Welschriesling
Suitable for dry white wines with average body and Old white
well-balanced acidity: Aligote, Chasselas, Chenin
blanc, Cortese, Furmint, Gewrztraminer, Kerner,
Malvasia, Muscadet, Mller-Thurgau, Muskatteller,
Neuburger, Palomino, Ribolla gialla, Sancerre,

RED AND WHITE WINE GLASSES

Ros wine glass
Blush, Cote de Provence, Schilcher, Weiherbst,
Zinfandel
Dessert wine glass or apritif
glass
Sauternes, Barsac and heavy dessert wines
Sparkling wine glasses
Recommended for:
A Cava, Prosecco, champagne and
sparkling wines
B - sparkling wines and champagne
cocktails
C - champagne, Cuve Prestige, vintage
champagne, vintage sparkling wine, and
ros champagne.
D champagne ( half-dry), Moscato d
Asti, Asti spumante, and also for
appetizer cocktails, desserts and
gelatins.

Barglasses
Mid-sized tumbler

Sherry or portwine
glass

Cognac
glass

Old fashioned
glass

Large tumbler ( highball

glass)

Cocktail
glass

Cognac snifter

Fruit spirits
glass

Cocktail
glass
Small
tumbler

Barglasses
Irish coffee
glass

Spirits
glass

Hot punch and

grog glass

Punsch
glasses

Vodka
glass

Einspnner
glass

Pousse-caf
glass

Liqueur glass
Fancy
drinks

Cleaning glassware
Wash glasses in warm water with a mild
detergent, either by hand or in a
dishwasher
No matter how it is washed, glassware
must always be polished. The following
points should be observed:

Use a lint free dishcloth

Hold the glass properly to avoid
breakage
Be careful with wet glassware

Other Beverage Service Equipment

Beverage
cooler

Coole
r

Bottle
cap
Corkscrew bottle
opener

Wine
basket

Decanter
Drop stop

Sparkling wine
cooler

corkscre
w

Foil
cutter

Bar Service Equipment

Shaker and Boston
Shaker
Jigger

Ice scoop

Blender and
Mixer
Strainer

Ice bucket and

tongs

Ice
crusher
Muddler for caipirinha

Nutmeg
grater

Garnishing
knife

Cutting
board

Bar
spoon