Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A
GRANDE.
GUANZON.
GUICO
WHAT
IS
HEPATITIS?
H E P A T I T I S?
Inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis E Virus
Hepatitis G Virus
HEPATITIS
A HAV
acute hepatitis
contaminated
food & water
there is a safe
HAV vaccine
HEPATITIS
B HBV
acute to
chronic hepatitis
infected blood,
serum, other
body fluids (BT,
sex)
Mother to baby
there is a safe
HBV vaccine
HEPATITIS
CHCV
acute to
chronic hepatitis
infected blood,
serum, other
body fluids (BT,
sex)
there is no
HCV vaccine
VIRAL HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS
DHDV
occurs only to
pt infected with
HBV
HBV vaccine
HEPATITIS
EHEV
contaminated
food & water
there is no HEV
vaccine
HEPATITIS
Gdistant relative
of the hepatitis C
virus
WHAT
DOES
YOUR
LIVER
DO?
HEPATITIS A
DEFINITION
HEPATITIS A
SYNONYMS
Infectious Hepatitis
Viral Hepatitis
Acute Viral Hepatitis
Epidemic Hepatitis
Catarrhal Jaundice
Botkins Disease
Short Incubation Hepatitis
MS-1 Hepatitis
Australian Antigen Negative Hepatitis
Icterus Epidemicus
VIRAL CLASSIFICATION
Group: Group IV (+)ssRNA
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Picornaviridae
Genus: Hepatovirus
Species: Hepatitis A Virus
HAV, first identified in 1973
MORPHOLOGICAL
DESCRIPTION
HEPATITIS A VIRUS
Small RNA virus, with a diameter of 27-32 nm
Composed entirely of viral protein and RNA
Nonenveloped
Has a single strand of RNA
Surrounded by capsid composed of four polypeptides (VP1 VP4)
Icosahedral
HAV particles are indistinguishable from other picornaviruses.
HEPATITIS A VIRUS
It is the protein shell of
a virus encloses
the genetic material of
the virus.
DISEASE?
HAV interferes with liver function and sparks an
immune response that leads to liver inflammation
PATHWAY OF HAV
Inside the cell the virus uncoats, releases viral RNA and begins transcription
BILE
MODE O F
TRANSMISSION
1. FECAL-ORAL ROUTE
The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral route; that is when an
uninfected person ingests food or water that has been contaminated with the faeces of an
infected person.
HEPA-LANE
in Morayta
A. CONTAMINATED FOOD
A. CONTAMINATED FOOD
B. CONTAMINATED WATER
Waterborne outbreaks, though infrequent, are usually associated with sewagecontaminated or inadequately treated water
Apart from contaminated food and water, certain groups are at increased risk
of getting infectious hepatitis:
Changing diapers transmits infection through fecal-oral contact. Toys and other objects
may remain contaminated for some time.
The virus can also be transmitted through close physical contact with an infectious
person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.
Troops living under crowded conditions at military camps or in the field. During
World War II there were an estimated five million cases in German soldiers and
civilians.
3. BLOOD EXPOSURE
A. Blood Transfusion
B. Injecting Drug Use
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Transmission by blood transfusion is rare:
the donor must be in the viremic
prodromal phase of infection at the time of
blood donation.
Substantial viremia persisting for several weeks suggests the possible role of needleborne transmission of virus among intravenous drug users, although HAV
concentrations in blood are manifold lower than in faeces
MODE O F
TRANSMISSION
High concentrations
of virus are shed in the
stools of patients
during 3 to 10 days
prior to the onset of
illness till one - two
weeks after the onset
of jaundice.
MODE O F
TRANSMISSION
HAV is not transmitted from
infected mothers to newborn
infants, as anti-HAV IgG
antibodies present during
initial stages of HAV infection
cross the placenta and provide
protection to the infant after
delivery.
JAUNDICE
The risk for symptomatic infection is directly related to age, with more than 80% of
adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority of
children having either asymptomatic or unrecognized infections.
PROGNOSIS
PRE-ICTERIC
STAGE
Occurs before the appearance of jaundice
Ranging from several days to 2 weeks
(average
of 7 days)
Characterised by the appearance of symptoms
like loss of appetite, fatigue, abdominal pain,
nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, dark urine
and pale stools
Highly infectious at this stage
ICTERIC
STAGE
Jaundice develops at total bilirubin levels exceeding 20 40 mg/L
Begins within 10 days of the initial symptoms
Feces remain infectious for another 1 - 2 weeks
Extensive necrosis of the liver occurs during the first 6 8 weeks of illness.
The mortality rate is low (0.2% of icteric cases) and the
disease ultimately resolves
CONVALESCENCE
STAGE
Lasts for about 3-5 weeks
Jaundice gradually clears up
Appetite returns back to normal
Bilirubin disappears from the urine
Enlarged liver regresses back to its normal
size
POST SYNDROME
HEPATITIS
Patients complain of vague abdominal discomfort,
distaste for food, tiredness, lethargy and weakness.
CHOLESTATIC
HEPATITIS
RELAPSING
HEPATITIS
Clinically mild
Occurs in 4-20% of patients after initial
symptoms are resolved
Common in children
FULMINANT
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS A
PATIENTS
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
/ CONTROL MEASURES
PASSIVE
IMMUNIZATION
PRE-EXPOSURE
PROPHYLAXIS
POST-EXPOSURE
PROPHYLAXIS
ACTIVE
IMMUNIZATION
VAQTA
Each 0.5 mL dose contains approximately 25
Units of formalin-activated hepatitis A virus
antigen adsorbed onto aluminum
hydroxyphosphate sulfate, in 0.9% NaCl
Does not contain any preservatives
Administered on a 0, 6-18 month schedule
Contraindicated in persons with known
hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine
ACTIVE
IMMUNIZATION
Havrix
A 0.5 mL pediatric dose contains 360 or 720 ELISA
Units of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A viral antigen
adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide
Adult dose contains 1,440 ELISA Units/mL
Contains 0.5% 2-phenoxyethanol as a preservative
Administered on a 0, 6-12 month schedule
Contraindicated in persons with known
hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine
LOVE
YOUR
LIVER