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Oracle ArchitecturalComponents
Oracle ArchitecturalComponents
Oracle Architectural
Components
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to
do the following:
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User
process
Overview of Primary
Instance
Components
Shared pool
Library
cache
Server
process
PGA
Data Dict.
cache
SGA
Redo log
Database
buffer cache buffer cache
Parameter
file
Password
file
1-3
Data
files
Control
files
CKPT
Redo log
files
Database
Others
Archived
log files
Oracle Server
An Oracle server:
Is a database management
system that provides an
open, comprehensive,
integrated approach to
information management
Consists of an Oracle
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Oracle Server
Oracle Instance
An Oracle instance:
SGA
Redo log
Database
buffer cache buffer cache
1-5
Memory
structures
Background
structures
Establishing a Connection
and Creating a Session
Connecting to an Oracle instance consists of
establishing a user connection and creating a
session.
Connection
established
User
process
Database user
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Server
process
Session created
Oracle server
Oracle Database
An Oracle database:
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Data
files
Control
files
Redo
log files
Archived
log files
Physical Structure
The physical structure of an Oracle database is
determined by the operating system files that
provide the actual physical storage for database
information.
Control files
Header
Data files
Control
files
Redo log files
Online
redo log
files)
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Data files
(includes
data
dictionary)
Memory Structure
Oracles memory structure consists of two memory
areas known as:
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Shared pool
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Large pool
Java pool
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Shared Pool
The shared pool is used to store the most recently
executed SQL statements and the most recently used
data definitions.
Library cache
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Shared pool
Library
cache
Data dictionary
cache
Library Cache
The library cache stores information about the most
recently used SQL and PL/SQL statements. The
library cache:
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DB_BLOCK_SIZE
determines the
primary block size.
Database buffer
cache
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Size is defined by
LOG_BUFFER.
Large Pool
The large pool is an optional area of memory in the
SGA configured only in a shared server environment.
Unlike the shared pool, the large pool does not use
an LRU list.
Sized by LARGE_POOL_SIZE.
ALTER SYSTEM SET LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 64M;
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Java Pool
The Java pool services the parsing requirements for
Java commands.
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Dedicated server
Session
information
Stack
space sort area, cursor
information
User
process
SGA
SGA
Session
information
Shared server
Process Structure
An Oracle process is a program that depending on its
type can request information, execute a series of
steps, or perform a specific task.
Oracle takes advantage of various types of
processes:
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User Process
A user process is a program that requests interaction
with the Oracle server.
User
process
Server
process
Connection
established
Database user
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Server Process
A server process is a program that directly interacts
with the Oracle server.
It fulfills calls generated and returns results.
Can be dedicated or shared server.
Connection
established
User
process
Database user
1-24
Server
process
Session created
Oracle server
Background Processes
The relationship between the physical and memory
structures is maintained and enforced by Oracles
background processes.
PMON
CKPT
LGWR
SMON
RECO
LMON
QMNn LMDn
1-25
CJQ0
Pnnn
LCKn
Dnnn
Snnn
SGA
Checkpoint
Dirty buffers threshold
Database
reached
buffer
cache
DBWn
Data
files
Control
files
Database
Redo log
files
No free buffers
Timeout
RAC ping request
Tablespace offline
Tablespace read only
Table DROP or
TRUNCATE
Tablespace BEGIN
BACKUP
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LGWR writes:
Redo log
buffer
DBWn LGWR
At commit
When one-third full
When there is 1 MB
of redo
Every 3 seconds
Before DBWn
writes
Data
files
Control
files
Database
1-27
Redo log
files
Responsibilities:
Instance recovery:
SMON
Data
files
Control
files
Database
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Redo log
files
Rolls forward
changes in the
redo logs
Opens the
database for
user access
Rolls back
uncommitted
transactions
Coalesces free
space ever 3 sec
Deallocates
temporary segments
Cleans up after
failed processes by:
Releasing locks
Releasing other
PMON
resources
Restarts dead
PGA area
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dispatchers
Checkpoint (CKPT)
Instance
SGA
Responsible for:
Redo Log
Signalling DBWn
at checkpoints
Buffer
Updating datafile
DBWn LGWR
DWW0
Data
files
1-30
headers with
checkpoint
information
CKPT
Control
files
Redo log
files
Updating control
files with
checkpoint
information
Archiver (ARCn)
Optional background process
Automatically archives online redo logs when
ARCHIVELOG mode is set
Data
files
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Control
files
Redo log
files
ARCn
ARCn
Archived
Redo log
files
Logical Structure
The logical structure of the Oracle architecture
dictates how the physical space of a database is to be
used.
A hierarchy exists in this structure that consists of
tablespaces, segments, extents, and blocks.
Tablespace
Data file
Segment
Extent
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Segment
Blocks
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Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
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