Automated Blood Cell Analyzer (510712)
Automated Blood Cell Analyzer (510712)
History
• First period (2217-2417 BE) - Microscope inventio
n, Manual blood count
• Second peroid (2418-2495 BE) - Manual CBC intro
duced
• Third period (2496-2529 BE) - Automation introd
uced
• Fourth period (2530-present) - Advanced automati
on introduced
• Fifth period (present and on) - Get benefit from t
echnology
Major principles
1. Electrical impedance
2. Light scattering
Electrical Impedance
Light Scattering
Parameters generated from
Automated Blood Analyzers
• Hb • Total WBC count
• Hct • WBC Diff count
• RBC count • Plt count
• MCV • PDW
• MCH • MPV
• MCHC • Reticulocyte count
• CHCM
• HDW
Hemoglobin concentration (Hb)
Techniques
1. Cyanmethemoglobin method
2. High-angle light scattering method
Application
Evaluate anaemic status
RBC count
Techniques
1. Electrical impedance
2. Light scattering
Applications
1. Evaluate anaemic stutus
2. Evaluate polycythemic status
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Techniques
1. Electrical impedance : Height of
pulse obstructed--> Mean volume
distribution
2. Light scattering : Low-angle (2-3o)
light scattering --> Mean size
distribution
3. Calulation : Hct x 10
RBC
Applications
Evaluate hypochromic microcytic anaemia
Hematocrit (Hct)
Techniques
1. Calculation : MCV x RBC
10
2. Directly obtained : Mean pulse
Applications
Evaluate anaemic and polycythemic st
atuses
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MC
H)
Techniques
Calculation : Hb x 10
RBC
Application (NR 29.5+/-2.5pg)
Evaluate microcytic hypochromic
anaemia
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Con
centration (MCHC)
Technique
Calculation : Hb x 100
Hct
Application (NR ?)
Still to be determined
Haemoglobin Distribution Width (H
DW)
Technique
-SD of Hb concentration distribution h
istogram
-Only obtained from Laser technology
Techniques
Calculation
RDW-CV = SD x 100
MCV
RDW-SD = SD of RBC histogram
Application (NR 12.8 +/-1.2%)
-Determine anisocytosis
-Evaluate hypochromic microcytic anaemia
Total WBC count
Techniques
1. Eletrical impedance : No of pulse
obstructed
2. Light scattering : No of signal from
low-angle light scattering
Applications
Evaluation of leukopenia and leukocytos
is
WBC differential count
Techniques
1. By volume
2. By volume + conductivity + light
scattering
3. By light scattering + cytochemistry
4. By light scattering + RF impedance
Types
3-part, 5-part, 6-part, 7-part
Three-part diff histogram
Five-part diff histogram
Six-part diff histogram
Mean Peroxidase Activity Index (MPXI
)
• Derived by cytochemistry-based te
chnique (Technicon)
• Increased in bacterial, PV, PF infec
tions
• Unchange in viral infection
Platelet count
Techniques
1. Electrical impedance : Volume cut-of
f at 2fl-20fl
2. Light scattering : High-angle light s
cattering for size and Hb content
Application
Evaluation of thrombocytosis and thr
ombocytopenia
Platelet histogram
Platelet Distribution Width
(PDW)
Techniques
Calculation
PDW-CV = SD x 100
MPV
Application (NR < 20%)
1. High : AA, MA, CML, on
chemotherapy
2. Low : still in observations
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
Techniques
1. Calculation : Mean volume of platelet
in fitted curve
2. Calculation : Mode of platelet volume
distribution
Applications (NR 9.0-9.8 fl)
1. High : ITP, Post splenectomy, DIC
2. Low : AA, MA, post chemotherapy
MPV nomogram
MPV
Reticulocyte count
Techniques
1.Fluorescence detection of red cells s
tained with RNA specific fluorochro
ms ( Auramine O, Ethidium bromide,
Oxazine 750, Thiazole orange)
2. Direct count via volume, light scatte
ring and opacity of cells
Reticulocyte count
Evaluation of BM efficiency
RBC maturation
Maturation time of reticulocytes
NRBC enumeration
• Stain DNA with fluorescence dye (polymethine)
and measure for size and intensity by light
scattering to differentiate NRBC from WBC
(Sysmex XE-2100, Abbott CELL-DYN 4000,
Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire)
• Detect NRBC under lymphocyte region in WBC
volume/scatter plot and count NRBC by
extrapolation of low-volume peak of WBC
distribution curve (Beckman Coulter LH750)
Some Automated Blood Analyzers
in Today Market