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DBMS Architecture
DBMS Architecture
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
View 2
View 3
Conceptual
Level
Physical
Level
External
Level
Conceptual
Level
Physical
Level
View 1
Item_Name
Price
Inventory Controller
continue
View 2
Item_Name
Stock
Conceptual
Item_Number
Item_Name
Price
Stock
Character (6)
Character(30)
Numeric(5,2)
Numeric(4)
Physical
Stored_Item
Item #
Name
Price
Stock
Length=50
Type = Byte(6), offset = 0, Index = Ix
Type = Byte(30), offset = 6
Type = Byte(8), offset = 36
Type = Byte(4), offset = 44
4
Conceptual Level
This level of abstraction describes what data are actually stored in
the database. It also describes the relationships existing among
data. At this level, the database is described logically in terms of
simple data-structures. The users of this level are not concerned
with how these logical data structures will be implemented at
the physical level, rather they just are concerned about what
information is to be kept in the database.
8
Conceptual Level
continue
Conceptual Level
continue
Conceptual Level
continue
12
Data Independence
The ability to modify a schema definition in one level
without affecting a scheme definition in the next higher
level is called DATA INDEPENDENCE
Physical Data Independence
Logical Data Independence
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17
DBMS Structure
18
DBMS Structure
Describes the software components used to
enter and process data.
How these s/w components are related and
interconnected.
19
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Application
Programs
System
Calls
Object Code
Of Program
DML
Precompiler
Query
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
Data Files
Data Dict.
20
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Application
Programs
System
Calls
Object Code
Of Program
DML
Precompiler
Query
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
toManager
define
21
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Application
Programs
System
Calls
Object Code
Of Program
DML
Precompiler
Query
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
Data Dict.
22
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Application
Programs
System
Calls
Query
Database
Schema
DML
Precompiler
DBA
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
Data Files
Data Dict.
23
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Application
Programs
System
Calls
Object Code
Of Program
DML
Precompiler
Query
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Responsible for receiving query language
statements
Manager
and changing to a form the DBMS can understand. It
has two parts : (i) parser (ii) query optimizer
Data Files
Data Dict.
24
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
It is Application
referred as theSystem
Database
Programs
Control
system. It Calls
is the
interface b/w file manager and
application
programs
and
Object Code
DML
queries.
It
enforces
constraints
Of Program
Precompiler
to maintain the consistency and
integrity of the data as well as
its security. It synchronizes the
concurrent access. It also
perform backup and recovery
operations.
Query
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
Data Files
Data Dict.
25
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
Buffer Manager
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
Data Files
Data Dict.
26
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
File
Buffer Manager
Manager authorization to
Checks that the user has necessary
carry out the required function.
Data Files
Data Dict.
27
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
File
Buffer Manager
Manager
Converts commands to a logical sequence of steps.
Data Files
Data Dict.
28
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
File
Buffer Manager
Manager
Checks the requested operation
satisfies all necessary
integrity constraints such as key constraints.
Data Files
Data Dict.
29
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
Examines the query language statements
and tries to
File
Buffer Manager
choose the best and most efficient
Managerway to executing
the query. Factors CPU time, disk time, network
time, sorting methods and scanning methods.
Data Files
Data Dict.
30
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
Buffer Manager
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
The
transaction manager maintains tables of
authorization concurrency.
Data Files
Data Dict.
31
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
Buffer Manager
DBA
Database
Schema
Query
Processor
DDL
Compiler
Database
Manager
File
Manager
in which transaction
Data Files
Data Dict.
32
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Transaction Manager
Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
File
Buffer Manager
Manager
Ensures that the database remains in a consistent state
in the presence of failures. Responsible for transaction
commit and abort.
Data Files
Data Dict.
33
DBMS Structure
General users
AP
Query
Application
Components System
Programs
Calls
DBA
Database
Schema
Authorization Control
Command Processor
Object Code
DML
Query
DDL
Integrity
Checker
Of Program
Precompiler
Processor
Compiler
Query Optimizer
Responsible for the transfer of data between main
Transaction Manager
memory and secondary storage.Database
Manager
Scheduler
Recovery Manager
File
Buffer Manager
Manager
Data Files
Data Dict.
34
Questions ?
35