T.E. Mechanical (A-4) MONIL DOSHI-0815054 KIRAN PATIL - 1125027 JIGAR SHAH - 0815045

T.E.
MECHANICAL(A-4)
MONIL DOSHI- 0815054
KIRAN PATIL - 1125027
JIGAR SHAH - 0815045
What isIntroduction
Pneumatic
Conveying(PC):
Every pneumatic system, makes use of pipes or ducts called
transportation lines that carry mixture of materials and a stream of air
. These materials can be transported conveniently to various
destinations by means of a stream of high velocity air through pipe
lines. Products are moved through various tubes via air pressure,
allowing for extra vertical versatility.
Pneumatic conveying is routinely used to move solids of all sizes within
process plants. On account of the compressibility of the conveying gas,
the pneumatic conveying of solids is quite different from the pumping
of liquids or slurries The selection of many of the components that
comprise a conveying system such as rotary valves, feed chutes,
conveying pipe, and air movers is examined, especially as it relates to
reliable operation of a conveying system.
Energy is also required to move material through a pneumatic conveying

system, but in this case the energy is supplied by pressure differential (in
pounds per square
inch) and airflow(in cubic feet per minute).
In a pneumatic conveying system, the air pressure in the conveying line
is changed by the systems air mover, which generates pressure or
vacuum. Where the air mover is located in the system determines
whether it generates one or the other. When located at the systems star
the air mover pushes air through the system and the system operates
under pressure.
When located at the systems end, the air mover pulls air through the
system and the system runs under vacuum. By controlling the pressure o
vacuum and airflow inside the
system, the system can successfully transfer materials.
Introduction
Why Pneumatic
conveying?
Introduction
A conventional mechanical conveying system runs in a straight line, with

minimal directional changes, and each directional change typically
requires its own motor and
drive. The mechanical conveying system may be open rather than
enclosed, potentially generating dust. It also has a relatively large number
of moving parts, which usually require frequent maintenance. The system
also tends to take up a lot of valuable real estate in a plant.
On the other hand, a pneumatic conveying system uses a simple, smalldiameter pipeline to transfer material. The pipeline can be arranged with
bends to fit around existing equipment, giving the system more layout
flexibility, and the system also has a relatively small footprint. The system
is totally enclosed and typically has few moving parts as it is electronically
managed.
Introduction
Basic
Components:
Introduction
Major pneumatic system components include:
1. Pressure blowers and vacuum pumps with integral sound enclosures
2. Rotary airlock valves
3. Transfer line including piping, elbows; divert valves (flex-tube
diverters, wye-diverters, plug diverters and other line diverter
configurations).
4. Filter receivers
5. Cyclone separators
6. Gain-in-weight and loss of- weight batching systems
7. Dust collectors and bin vents
8. Controls and electrical equipment
9. Silos, day bins and other storage vessels
Rotary Valve:
Gravity Diverter:
Conventional
Diverter:
Introduction
Introduction
ypes of Pneumatic
Systems:
Introduction
Three basic systems that are used to generate high velocity air
stream:
Suction or vacuum systems, utilizing a vacuum created in the
pipeline to draw the material with the surrounding air . The system
operated at a low pressure, which is practically 0.40.5atm below
atmosphere, and is utilized mainly in conveying light free flowing
materials.
Pressure-type systems, in which a positive pressure is used to
push material from one point to the next. The system is ideal for
conveying material from one loading point to a number of
unloading points. It operates at a pressure of 6atm and upwards.
Combination systems, in which a suction system is used to convey
material from a number of loading points and a pressure system is
employed to deliver it to a number of unloading points.
Modes Introduction
of Pneumatic
Conveying:
Dilute Phase
Introduction
The dilute-phase conveying system relies on the airstreams velocity

to pick up and entrain each particle , keeping the particles in
suspension throughout the conveying line.
It operates at a relatively high velocity at a relatively low pressure
differential.
The pickup velocity at the systems start (that is, the airstream
velocity at which material is picked up and entrained at the material
feed point) is generally considered the systems most critical area,
because the air is at its lowest speed in the entire system at this point.
Because the material is dropping from a static state into the airstream
below it , the material must immediately become entrained. The air
speed required to pick up the material depends on each particles size
and density, but can range from3,000 to 8,000 fpm.
The air mover must also be able to overcome the flow resistance
caused by the frictional loss of the air and material against the
conveying lines inside wall.
Introduction
Dense Phase:
Introduction
An ideal dense-phase conveying system would extrude material with
enough pressure to transfer it in one long, continuous piece through the
pipelines entire length, just like a continuous length of ground meat
inside a sausage casing. But with dry bulk materials like powders and
granules, this usually isnt possible because of the materials high
frictional resistance against the conveying lines inside wall. Instead, air
and material flows through the line in any of several patterns (including
various forms of two-phase flow and
slug flow).
While various dense-phase conveying system types are available, all
uses are relatively high pressure differential with a relatively low air
velocity. The most common dense-phase system type, provides batch
transfer using a transporter (also called a blow tank or pressure tank).
In this system ,material from a storage vessel is loaded by gravity into
the transporter. After the transporter is full, its material inlet valve and
vent valve are closed and compressed air is metered into the
transporter. The compressed air extrudes the material from the
transporter into the conveying line and to the destination . Once the
transporter and conveying line are empty, the compressed air is turned
off and the transporter is reloaded .This cycle continues until all the
Introduction
Categorizing when a pneumatic

conveying
system is operating in
Introduction
dilute phase or dense phase?
Most dilute-phase pressure systems operate below15 psi
(typically between 4 and 8 psi), while most dense-phase
pressure systems run above 15 psi.
Most dilute-phase vacuum systems operate below 12
Inches mercury (typically between 8 and 12 inches mercury),
while most dense-phase vacuum systems run
above 12 inches mercury (typically between 12 and 14
Inches mercury).
Depending on the conveyed material, most pressure and
vacuum dilute-phase systems have an air velocity between
3,500 and 9,000 fpm and most pressure and vacuum densephase systems have a 3,000-fpmor lower air
velocity.
In a dilute-phase system, the material velocity is nearly
the same as the air velocity. In a dense-phase system, especially
one with slug flow, the average material velocity
is much slower than the air velocity. In either system, the
material cant move faster than the air.
Introduction
Typical pneumatic
conveyor system
along with its
components:
Introduction
Introduction
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.dypnf.com/en/business/pcs.php
http://www.nol-tec.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_system#Pneumatic_conveyor_syste
ms
http://www.cedengineering.com/upload/Pneumatic%20Conveying%20Syste
ms.pdf
Introduction
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T.E.

Energy is also required to move material through a pneumatic conveying

A conventional mechanical conveying system runs in a straight line, with

The dilute-phase conveying system relies on the airstreams velocity

Categorizing when a pneumatic

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