M. E. CONSTRUCTION ENG.

& MANAGEMENT
(BRANCH CODE - 14)
Semester-III

Seminar(2730001)
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY

SNPIT&RC, UMRAKH

DEMOLITION AND ITS METHOD

PREPARED BY:
DESAI KEVIN U.
150490714005
M.E. (CEM),
S.N.P.I.T.&R.C.,UMRAKH.

GUIDE:
Mrs. NEETU YADAV
M.E. (CEM),Assistant Professor,
Civil Engineering Department,
S.N.P.I.T.&R.C., UMRAKH.

CONTENT
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INTRODUCTION
STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITION
DEMOLITION METHOD
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

WHAT IS DEMOLITION?
Demolition means dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any

building or structure or any part by pre-planned and controlled

methods.
Demolition is the tearing-down of building and other structures.

WHY DEMOLITION?

The structures which have already passed their design life need to be

reconstructed, for safety and operational requirements.

The old structures need to be demolished for replacement by new structures.
Small structures can be demolished by manual methods but machinery and
advanced techniques are required for demolition of bigger structures.
Advanced techniques are also required for faster demolition and demolition in
confined areas.

STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITION

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The different steps before the execution of a demolition process are:

1. Surveying
2. Removal of hazardous materials
3. Preparation of plan
4. Stability report
5. Safety measures

DEMOLITION METHODS
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Demolition methods can vary depending on the following

The area where it will be held on
Time available
The building material
The purpose of the demolition and
The way that is going to be disposed.
Time saving methods are more expensive than the slower ones.
If noise, dust, and vibrations are to be restricted, it will add to the

cost of demolition.

MANUAL METHOD
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Manual methods are carried out top down, proceeding, in general, from the roof
to ground.
The sequence of demolition may vary, depending on
1.
site conditions and
2. structural elements to be demolished.

For reinforced concrete buildings, jack hammers are commonly used to

break down the concrete.

Oxy-acetylene torch could be used to cut the reinforcements.
The reinforcements shall remain until all the concrete connecting to or
supported by the reinforcement is broken away or when its support is no
longer required.
In congested areas, these features could have critical impact on the safety of
the public.
Demolition of these features shall be performed with extreme caution.
If rope or tie wires are used to pull down the structural elements, the pulling
wire must be at least 4 times stronger than the anticipated pulling force.
In addition, workers shall be shielded from the rope or tie wires. The rope or
tie wire shall be checked at least twice per day.

DEMOLITION BY MACHINES
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The sequence of demolition by machine is

typically the same as the top down manual

method, except that most of the demolition is
done by mechanical plant.
The demolition begins with the lifting of the
mechanical plant on to the building top floor.
When rope or tie wire is used for pulling, the
workers shall be protected or stay away from
the area within reach of the rope or tie wire.

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Adequate propping shall be installed at floor levels below the working floor to

safely support the operation of the mechanical plant.

The movement of the mechanical plant shall only be within the propped area.
The propped areas shall be suitably marked.
The movement of the mechanical plant shall be prohibited within 2 m of the
building edge, within 1 m of any floor openings or any cantilevered structures.
The mechanical plant shall be lifted onto the roof of the building by the use of
mobile crane or other appropriate means as approved.
The machine shall descend down to the next floor by means of a ramp. The
ramp may be a temporary structure or other appropriate design.
The slope of the ramp shall be no steeper that 1.75 to 1 or as recommended by the
machine manufacturer.
As an alternative, the machine may also be lowered to the next floor by the use of
mobile crane

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DEMOLITION BY HYDRAULIC
RUSHERS
The crusher attachment breaks the concrete

and the reinforcement by the hydraulic thrust

through the long boom arm system.
The hydraulic crusher can be operated from the
ground outside the building. This method is
also suitable for dangerous buildings, silos and
other industrial facilities.
The operation shall have a minimum clear
space of the building height as a safety zone
for the falling debris.
The excavator shall operate on firm ground that
can support the machine during the crusher
operation.
Each section of the structure shall be demolished
in a top down sequence to ensure stability of the
structure.

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DEMOLITION BY WRECKING BALL

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The wrecking ball application consists of a

crane equipped with a steel ball.

The destruction of the building is by the
impact energy of the steel ball suspended from
the crawler crane. The wrecking ball operates
outside the building.
This method is suitable for dilapidated
buildings, silos and other industrial facilities.
However, the operation requires substantial
clear space. The application also demands high
level skill operators and well-maintained
equipment.

 The balling of each section of the structure shall proceed from top to bottom.
Recommended techniques for the wrecking ball operations include (1) Vertical Drop

-free falling of the wrecking ball onto the structure and (2) Swing in line - swinging
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of the ball in-line with the jib.
A second dragline will normally connect to the ball horizontally to control the ball
motion.
The ball shall be swung into the building and shall strike at the top of the member so
as to avoid the member from falling outside the building.
The jib or boom shall be operated with no less than 3 m above the portion of the
structure being demolished.
Clear space for operation between the crane and the structure being demolished
shall be of the height of structure, with additional distance between crane and
boundary wall for maneuverability.
High strength wire shall be used to allow pullout of the wrecking ball from
potential traps.
To minimize the dust impact on the surrounding area, the structure to be
demolished shall be pre-soaked with water before demolition. Water spraying shall
continue on the structure during demolition.
The operation shall not be performed adjacent to overhead power lines. The site
shall be entirely fenced off to forbid public access.

DEMOLITION BY EXPLOSIVES
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IMPLOSION
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Implosion is the strategic placing of explosive material and timing of its

detonation so that a structure collapses on itself in a matter of seconds,

minimizing the physical damage to its immediate surroundings.
The technique weakens or removes critical supports so that the building can
no longer withstand the force of gravity and falls under its own weight.

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The explosives are just the trigger for the demolition. It's gravity that brings

the building down.

Explosives are loaded and progressively detonated on several different levels
of the building so that the building structure falls down on itself at multiple
points.
When everything is planned and executed correctly, the total damage of the
explosives and falling building material is sufficient to collapse the structure
entirely, so cleanup crews are left with only a pile of rubble.
In order to demolish a building safely, each element of the implosion must be
studied ahead of time. This is done by a blasting expert.
The first step is to examine architectural blueprints of the building to determine
how the building is put together.
Next, the building is surveyed to study about the support structure on each floor.
Based on this data and drawing from past experiences with similar buildings, the
expert decides what explosives to use, where to position them in the building and
how to time their detonations.

 The main challenge in bringing a building down is controlling which way it

falls. Ideally, a blasting crew will be able to tumble the building over on one
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side, into a parking lot or other open area. This sort of blast is the easiest to
execute, and it is generally the safest way to go.
Tipping a building over is something like felling a tree.
To topple the building to the north, the blasters detonate explosives on the north
side of the building first, in the same way a tree would be chopped into from the
north side if it is to fall in that direction. Blasters may also secure steel cables to
support columns in the building, so that they are pulled a certain way as they
crumble.
Sometimes, a building is surrounded by structures that must be preserved. In
this case, the blasters proceed with a true implosion, demolishing the building
so that it collapses straight down into its own footprint (the total area at the base
of the building).
The basic idea in implosion is to think of the building as a collection of separate
towers.
The blasters set the explosives so that each "tower" falls toward the centre of
the building.

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When they are detonated in the right order, the toppling towers crash against each

other and all of the rubble collects at the centre of the building.
Another option is to detonate the columns at the centre of the building before the
other columns so that the building's sides fall inward.
Generally speaking, blasters will explode the major support columns on the lower
floors first and then a few upper stories.
In a 20-story building, for example, the blasters might blow the columns on the
first and second floor, as well as the 12th and 15 th floors.
In most cases, blowing the support structures on the lower floors is sufficient for
collapsing the building, but loading columns on upper floors helps break the
building material into smaller pieces as it falls. This makes for easier cleanup
following the blast.

ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
USING ROBOTIC MACHINES

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ADVANCED TECHNIQUES USING

ROBOTIC MACHINES

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There is a different, specialized approach to every demolition project.

Identifying the projects unique requirements and selecting the right machine to

ensure the work is done is a safe and efficient manner.

Robotic machines meet these unique challenges.
We have large high reach equipment that has the capability to reach some very
high and awkward areas.
Smaller robotic demolisher machines to get into those tight spots and if a project
has some tricky spaces we have robotic equipment on hand to get the job done.

CASE STUDY
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Demolition of FRONTIER HOTEL, Las Vegas, USA By

IMPLOSION TECHNIQUE

A Frontier Hotel is one of the oldest hotel on the streets of Las Vegas, its owner
has decided to demolish it and make a new hotel on it.

The demolition work was given to the most reputed Demolition Expert from Marry
land, USA.

DCI President: Mark Loizeaux

Project Manager: Kevin Klass

Explosive Expert: Deven Loizeaux and Stacy Loizeaux

Technician: Christopher Carlino

Frontier Hotel was 16 story RCC structure, demolished by

IMPLOSION Technique by CDI Demolition Experts.

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For plan to work, Mark planned to use Dynamite for Demolition and planned to
demolish from North to South.

First, they removed the Interior walls, but not fully removed, the have removed
30% of wall area in center, so that whole structure will not collapse suddenly.

The team has done the Test Slot so that they came to know that how much of
Explosive required to demolish whole structure.

They have removed all the Fixtures, and done test of demolition.

On a Ground floor on the foot of wall, the team found major setback, the steel
Rebar, which is very strong and large around 19mm diameter bars, so that they
worry that it cannot be affected by Dynamite.

The Drilling of Holes was started, according to design they have to drill more than
5000 Holes in whole building, and each hole have specific diameter and Depth.

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The team has tighten the building with the Steel rope, to ensure the collapse
within the blue print.

Mark has calculated that Cables needs to be on just Two floors, 4th and 8th

When the planned to remove side wings, there was a problem, the walls are
wrapped with Asbestos

Super tough steel Container loaded on site to store dynamite, which is placed in
the empty swimming pool of hotel.

The velocity of dynamite they have used was 19600feet/sec.

All the walls and Columns are wrapped with the wire mash to control the
Derbies, and all the holes are cleaned to place the dynamite.

On the other hand one more team came with huge amount of Explosive, and that
are Pyro technicians.

They have started to lay Dynamite in the holes around 300 holes per day.

Finally the moment has come, and mark has triggered the Explosion, the building
started collapsing from north to south.

After two days, all the debris was settle down and there was no damage to the
surrounding buildings.

The Implosion was the Successful IPLOSION if the History of Las Vegas.

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CONCLUSION
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It can be concluded that demolishing/imploding the building structure will prove

very useful, economical and quickest for reconstruction.

Leads to a safe and controlled demolition for the occupants and neighbourhood.

Development in techniques allows rapid demolition with no harm to the

environment.

REFERENCES
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Bhandari M. G, Building Demolition: Ground to Earth Important as Construction,

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 396-401

Andrew E. N, Progressive Collapse- An Implosion Contractors Stock in Trade,

Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2006:.391-402

K. Arya, A.K.Sharma, Arvind Kumar, N.K.Sharma, Report on Demolition of

Structures using Implosion Technology, SESSION NO 514 INTEGRATED
COURSE IRICEN PUNE

http://www.implosionworld.com/history.html

www.wikipedia.com

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THANK YOU