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  • K1 - Upper and Lower Resp System - Sindhu Wisesa - ReK1

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    This document summarizes the upper and lower respiratory systems. It describes the key structures of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and associated muscles and nerves. It discusses ventilation, gas exchange, and cell metabolism. Pathologies involving various respiratory structures like sinusitis, laryngitis and pneumonia are also mentioned. The document is intended as an anatomy overview of the respiratory system.

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    Anatomy Respiration tract

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    This document summarizes the upper and lower respiratory systems. It describes the key structures of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and associated muscles and nerves. It discusses ventilation, gas exchange, and cell metabolism. Pathologies involving various respiratory structures like sinusitis, laryngitis and pneumonia are also mentioned. The document is intended as an anatomy overview of the respiratory system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    63 views74 pages

    K1 - Upper and Lower Resp System - Sindhu Wisesa - ReK1

    Uploaded by

    Dessy Dwi Z
    This document summarizes the upper and lower respiratory systems. It describes the key structures of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and associated muscles and nerves. It discusses ventilation, gas exchange, and cell metabolism. Pathologies involving various respiratory structures like sinusitis, laryngitis and pneumonia are also mentioned. The document is intended as an anatomy overview of the respiratory system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 74

    Upper and Lower

    Respiratory System
    Sindhu Wisesa
    Department of Anatomy
    Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
    Respiration System

    Ventilation

    Ventilation Gas Exchange Aerobic


    Cell Metabolism
    Case 1
    A little girl, 3 years old, was brought
    by her mother with fever and
    cough. She complained about her
    sore throat and changed voice. The
    doctor said that was just a common
    pharyngitis and gave her an
    antibiotics and acetaminophen. On
    the night, the little girl was crying
    without voice production and look
    very hard to breath. Her mother
    picked her up to ER in the nearest
    hospital immediately.
    Respiratory Organ
    Respiratory System
    Surface Anatomy
    Respiratory System Classification

    Pars konduktoria Pars respiratoria


    nares (nostril), cavitas nasi, choanae, bronchiolus respiratorius,ductus
    pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus alveolus, atria, saccus alveolaris,
    primarius, sekundus (lobaris), tertius alveolus
    (segmentalis), bronchiolus,
    bronchiolus terminalis
    Upper Respiratory System
    Nose
    Septum Nasi
    Nasal Septum Deviation

    Etiology:
    Trauma
    Congenital
    Childbirth
    Connective tissue disorder
    Treatment: Septoplasty
    Upper Respiratory System
    Sagittal View
    Cavum Nasi

    Cavum Nasi
    1. Vestibulum Nasi vibrisae
    2. Regio respiratory
    3. Regio olfactory
    Cavum Nasi: Meatus
    Nasal Polyp

    Alergic related
    Cavum Nasi - Vascularization
    Epistaxis
    Cavum Nasi - Innervation

    Sympathetic: ganglion sphenopalatinum


    Parasympathetic: Plexus Caroticus Internus
    Olfaction
    Sinus paranasal
    Sinusitis

    Head CT Scan coronal view Trans illumination


    Nasopharynx

    Atresia Choana
    Nasopharyngeal Cancer
    (NPC)

    NPC predilection: fossa rossenmuller CT Scan Sagittal view


    Corpus Alienum
    Oropharynx

    Ventral view Sagittal view


    Waldeyer Ring
    Tonsilitis & Tonsillectomy

    Tonsillectomy
    Tonsilitis
    Intermezzo
    Larynx - Position

    Surface anatomy of larynx


    Larynx and esophagus
    THE LARYNX
    THE LARYNX
    I. THE SKELETON & WALL
    1. SKELETAL CARTILAGES major THYROID
    STRUCTURES CRICOID
    ARYTENOID
    minor TRITICEA
    CORNICULATE
    CUNEIFORM
    LIGAMENTS
    2. MUSCLES

    EXTRINSIC INTRINSIC
    (move the larynx as a whole (-alter the positions of laryngeal cartilages
    relative to other structyres) relative to each other or control directly the
    aryapiglottic and vocal folds)
    II. CAVITIES
    VESTIBULE VENTRICLE INFRAGLOTTIC
    (of the larynx) (of the larynx) LARYNX
    Larynx
    Cartilago
    Constrictor Pharynx
    Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid muscle

    Suprahyoid
    Infrahyoid
    Larynx Intrinsic Muscle
    Membuka aditus laryngis: plica
    aryepiglotica (m thyroepiglotica
    (TE))
    Menutup aditus laryngis:
    m aryepigloticus (AE), m
    arytenoid tranversus (AT), m
    arytenoid oblique (AO),
    Membuka plika vocalis:
    cricoarytenoid posterio (CAP)
    Menutup plica vocalis:
    cricoarytenoid lateral (cal)
    Menegangkan plica vocalis: m
    cricityroid (CT)
    Mengendorkan plica vocalis: m
    thyroarytenoid (TA),
    Open and Close Airways
    Open and Close Airways
    Vocalization anatomy aspect
    Thyroglossus cyst
    Larynx Stricture and Stenosis
    Laryngomalacia
    Tracheostomy
    Larynx Vascularization
    Larynx Innervation
    Lymph node Spread Infection
    Laryngitis, epiglottitis, and Croup in
    Children
    Question?
    Case 2
    45 years old man was brought to
    ER because he cannot breathing.
    The result of chest x ray
    examination can be seen beside.
    The doctor took an action
    immediately by performing
    needle thoracotomy in triangle
    safety. Suddenly severe bleeding
    occurred at the puncture site.
    The doctor directly pressed the
    bleeding point to stop it.
    Lower Respiratory System
    Surface Anatomy
    Thorax Cage
    Trachea & Bronchus
    TRACHEA & BRONCHI
    TERTIARY / SEG -
    TRACHEA MENTAL BRONCHUS

    RIGHT BRONCHUS TERMINAL BRONCHUS

    Primary SECONDARY / LOBULAR BRONCHIOLE


    bronchus LOBAR BRONCHUS
    TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE
    LEFT BRONCHUS
    RESPIRATORY LOBULE

    Respiratory Alveolar Alveolar


    Atrium Alveoli
    CARTILAGES bronchioles ducts saccs

    C-shaped partial cartilaginous ring


    TRACHEA
    Prevent tracheal collapse

    BRONCHI Cartilaginous plates


    Bronchi: - semirigid Prevent bronchial collapse
    - pliable Bend and stretch to accommodate the
    enlargement of the lung during inspiration
    Cough Sneeze and Hiccups
    Asthma Bronchiale
    THE LUNGS
    THE LUNG LOBES THE LUNGS

    RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG


    (3 lobes) (2 lobes)

    SUPERIOR MIDDLE INFERIOR SUPERIOR INFERIOR

    The Lungs Covered by:

    VISCERAL PLEURA
    PLEURAL CAVITY(content: mucoid
    pleural fluid Lubrication)
    PARIETAL PLEURA
    Right and Left Lung
    Pleura
    Ventilation anatomical aspect
    Ventilation anatomical aspect
    Intercostalis
    muscle
    Lung
    Innervation
    RESPIRATORY CENTER
    Medulla Oblongata
    Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
    inspiration muscle
    Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
    expiration muscle (forced)
    Pons
    Apneutic center stimulate
    inspiration, inhibit expiration
    Pneumotactic center inhibit
    inspiration duration, increase
    ventilation frequency
    Cerebri Cortex
    Voluntary ventilation
    Respiratory Rhytm
    Central Nervous System
    Cortex Cerebri
    Medulla Oblongata
    Pons
    Peripheral Nervous System
    Aortic Bodies
    Carotid Bodies
    Hydrogen Ions
    40 3 mmHg
    CO2
    O2 < 60 mmHg
    Lung Auscultation
    Pathologic Lung Sound
    Pneumothorax

    PA PhotoC
    Needle thoracotomy

    Safety triangle midaxillar


    line
    2nd intercostal
    midclavicullar line
    5th intercostal midaxillar
    Tube thoracotomy vs
    needle thoracotomy
    Pleural Effusion

    Left pleural Effusion Right pleural Effusion

    Effusion can be hematothorax (blood), pyothorax (pus), hydrothorax


    (water/transudate), chylothorax (lymph fluid)
    Thoracocentesis
    Thoracocentesis

    Linea mid axillaris


    7th 9th intercostal space
    1-2 space below effusion line
    Flail Chest
    Mass/Abscess

    Lung Mass Lung Abscess


    Segmentectomy Lobectomy and
    Pneumectomy

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