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  • An Epidural Hemorrhage: Anatomy and Key Concepts

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    'Danang ヌグロホ
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    This document discusses the anatomy and key concepts of an epidural hemorrhage. It describes how a blow to the face can fracture the temporal bone and lacerate the middle meningeal artery, causing bleeding into the epidural space. It outlines the three meningeal layers - dura, arachnoid, and pia - and defines the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. It explains that an epidural hemorrhage often presents with an initial loss of consciousness, followed by a lucid interval and then deteriorating mental status as blood accumulates in the closed space.

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    Andreas Pipeline 1 17

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    This document discusses the anatomy and key concepts of an epidural hemorrhage. It describes how a blow to the face can fracture the temporal bone and lacerate the middle meningeal artery, causing bleeding into the epidural space. It outlines the three meningeal layers - dura, arachnoid, and pia - and defines the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. It explains that an epidural hemorrhage often presents with an initial loss of consciousness, followed by a lucid interval and then deteriorating mental status as blood accumulates in the closed space.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    27 views14 pages

    An Epidural Hemorrhage: Anatomy and Key Concepts

    Uploaded by

    'Danang ヌグロホ
    This document discusses the anatomy and key concepts of an epidural hemorrhage. It describes how a blow to the face can fracture the temporal bone and lacerate the middle meningeal artery, causing bleeding into the epidural space. It outlines the three meningeal layers - dura, arachnoid, and pia - and defines the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. It explains that an epidural hemorrhage often presents with an initial loss of consciousness, followed by a lucid interval and then deteriorating mental status as blood accumulates in the closed space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 14

    An Epidural Hemorrhage

    Anatomy and Key Concepts

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    Anatomy of an Epidural Bleed

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    Anatomy of an Epidural Bleed

    The middle meningeal


    artery runs directly below
    the temporal bone of the
    face
    If the temporal bone is
    fractured by a blow to the
    face, the middle
    meningeal may be
    lacerated.
    If this happens, the artery
    bleeds into what is called
    the epidural space.
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    Anatomy of an Epidural Bleed:
    The Meninges
    Three membranes (the meninges) envelop
    the brain and spinal cord: pia, arachnoid,
    and dura

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    Meningeal Anatomy

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    Anatomy of an Epidural Bleed:
    Spaces and Potential Spaces in
    The epidural space:
    the CNS
    the space between the dura (the outermost membrane covering the
    brain and spinal cord) and skull, or the bony vertebrae that form
    the spinal canal. In the spine, the epidural space contains
    lymphatics, small arteries, and the epidural venous plexus. In the
    brain the epidural space is a potential space, meaning that the
    space does not exist under normal conditions.
    The subdural space:
    The space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, this is
    a potential space in both the skull and the spine.
    The subarachnoid space:
    between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, this space contains
    the cerebrospinal fluid
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    Concept: Bleeding Into a Closed
    Space

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    The Lucid Interval
    An epidural hemorrhage is often characterized by
    the following sequence of events:
    Blunt trauma/ a blow to the head, followed by:
    1) Initial confusion, decreased consciousness, or loss of
    consciousness
    2) A lucid interval (20-50%):
    a brief period of full conciousness/restored mental status. The
    patient seems back to his/her normal self.
    3) Change in mental status +/- unstable vital signs (blood
    pressure, heart rate):
    the patient becomes confused, somnolent (sleepy), may have
    neurologic signs such as hemiparesis, one dilated pupil, may
    become comatose.
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    Cushings Response

    Bodys response to increased intracranial


    pressure (ICP):
    Increase in blood pressure (Hypertension)
    Decrease in heart rate (Bradycardia)
    Altered respiratory rate
    ICP can compress blood vessels in the
    brain, block off oxygen delivery (ischemia),
    and put pressure on the brainstem.
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    Cushings Response

    Hypertension
    Bradycardia
    Respiratory Rate
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage
    The Blown Pupil

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    The Motor Homunculus

    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural


    Hemorrhage
    January 17, 2007 Pipeline Neuroscience: Epidural
    Hemorrhage

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