Modulation
Modulation
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Audio spectrum basically divided
into 3 Bands
Hi-Fidelity Music
For good quality music, the music system
should provide all the Bass, Mid and Treble
frequencies. i.e. using full spectrum of one
hertz to 20,000 hertz ( using a total bandwidth
of 20 KHz ).
Normally, a good quality music system uses
maximum bandwidth of 20 KHz.
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Commercial Radio Broadcast
Stations like AIR use average quality music broadcast.
Middle frequencies are used.
Bandwidth of 4.5 KHz is used. ( To avoid interference
with other stations, less bandwidth is used )
Telephone communication
Telephone is used only to exchange the information
and not to listen music. There is no need to transmit
full audio spectrum.
It is just sufficient to transmit the basic human voice
which is between 300 hertz to 3000 hertz i.e. a
bandwidth of 3 KHz.
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MODULATION
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MODULATION
The process by which the audio waves
are superimposed on radio waves is
called MODULATION.
Radio Frequency is called the
CARRIER .
Audio Frequency is called the INFO
or SIGNAL .
The unit in which the modulation takes
place is called the MODULATOR .
Modulator means MODIFY. 7
MODULATION
The AF controls or modifies the RF in
such a way that one of the
characteristics of the RF is varied or
modified.
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AM Single Side band
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FREQUENCY MODULATION (contd)
F Frequency Modulation
G Phase Modulation
AM FM
Prone to noise No noise at all
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Designation of Emission
Emission is designated by 3 characters.
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Designation of Emission (contd)
2nd character indicates the nature of AF or
modulating signal.
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Designation of Emission (contd)
3rd character indicates the type of information
transmitted.
A morse telegraphy
B DSC, Telex
E Telephony
Eg. J3E, G3E, F1B, J2B.
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