Serology
Serology
SEROLOGY
Subdiscipline of immunology
Concerns with the development and control of
the most simple, most sensitive, and specific
test
The demonstration of Ag and Ab reactions in
vitro
1. Hydrogen bond
2. Electrostatic/Ionic bonds
3. Van der Waals
4. Hydrophobic bonds
LAW OF MASS ACTION
association dissociation
Ag + Ab Ag-Ab complex
Strength of attractive forces
Direct
Indirect/Passive
Reverse passive
Agglutination -inhibition
COAGGLUTINATION
Term given to systems using bacteria as the
inert particles to which antibody is attached.
Staphylococcus aureus is most frequently used
With surface protein called protein A which
naturally adsorbs the Fc portion of Ab
The active sites face outward and are capable
of reacting with specific antigen.
Exhibits greater stability than latex particles
and are more refractory to changes in ionic
strength.
Antiglobulin-mediated
agglutination
Qualitative
Quantitative
FORMS OF PRECIPITATION REACTION
Liquid medium
A. Single diffusion
B. Double diffusion
OUDIN
Single radial immunodiffusion technique
Line of Identity
Line of Non-identity
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES
Hemolytic system
: sensitized RBCs (RBCs coated with
hemolysin
NEUTRALIZATION
Ag reacts with Ab
Loss of reactivity of the Ag
Ag is nullified
-prepare 12 tubes
-dilute the px serum
-Tube 11: RED CELL CONTROL (clear)
-Tube 12: STREP O CONTROL (w/hemolysis)
NEUTRALIZATION
In vivo neutralization
Control: toxin
Test: toxin + serum
3 weeks observation
Control: sick; Test: healthy
NEUTRALIZATION
In vivo neutralization
Control: Virus
Test: Anti-viral (immunize) + virus
Control: infection; Test: healthy
NEUTRALIZATION
In vitro
a. Chick embryo- Pock reduction Test
Control: Viral suspension
Test: Viral suspension + px serum (Ab)