Aspects of Culture and Society II (Learned Through /enculturation and Transmitted Through Socialization/Enculturation)

Aspects of Culture and Society II (Learned
Through Socialization/Enculturation and

Transmitted Through
Socialization/Enculturation)
Aspects of Culture
There are different aspects of culture such as art,
music, language, food, daily life, clothing, and
religion.
Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive

Culture constantly changes and adapts to the
current state of society. It continuously restores
itself whenever customs do not fit in the current
situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant.
Shared and Contested
Culture is learned and acquired through different
interactions with people. Culture is a shared
learning experience. Because culture constantly
changes, we get to share the learning process with
other people.
If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested
in different ways and situations. Because of
diversity, culture is always subjected to debate and
analysis.
Socialization and Enculturation
Society is different from culture. Within a society
are many diverse cultures. While the members of
society share many of the same expectations and
experiences, the cultural groups create some that
differentiate them from others in the community.
Socialization
Socialization is the process through which people
learn to understand societal norms or expectations
and societal values as members of society.
Enculturation
Enculturation is the process by which an individual
adopts the behavior patterns of the culture he or
she is immersed in.
Agents of Socialization
There are different agents of socialization[% - %]the
family, community, mass media, and religion.
Family
The family is the first social group that we all have. It
is considered as the most important social group that
a person has. It is also the principal agent of
socialization.
We first start to learn things with the help of our
parents and family. They are the main source of our
traits and behaviors, the values, norms or rules that
we follow, and the ideas we initially believe in.
Community
Outside our homes, we get to interact with people and
institutions from our community. One them is the school. In
schools, we become exposed to ideas, values, norms, and
behaviors that may be different from what we learn from our
family.
We also get to interact with other people from our community
who become our peers. Research shows that since children and
teenagers spend most of their time with peers, peer groups can
create youth sub-culture (Mondal, 2015).
Our peers can also influence us with the different norms, values,
and behaviors that they got from their families.
Mass Media
One of the biggest influences in our culture is mass
media which come in the form of television, movies,
books, magazines, and social networking sites. Mass
media plays a major role in shaping the culture and
behavior of an individual (Mondal, 2015).
Unfortunately, both good and bad behaviors can be
learned through mass media. It is important that
the the youth remain supervised whenever they are
accessing all forms of media.
Religion
Another social agent is religion. Through the
family, one is immediately exposed to the
teachings of religion. It helps shape and equip
individuals with the attitudes and behaviors that
are deemed appropriate.
Aspects of Culture
We have learned that culture is dynamic, flexible,
and adaptive. It is also shared and contested in
various ways and situations.
Aside from these characteristics, there are also

other aspects of culture as discussed below.
Learned through Socialization or Enculturation
Socialization is an ongoing process of learning
languages, behaviors, customs, values, norms to
acquire a personal identity. It helps us learn culture.
Socialization also allows us to interact with others
and helps us develop the behaviors that we think are
inborn or part of human nature. It is an essential part
of building our character and preserving, spreading,
and strengthening our culture.
Another way of learning other cultures is called
enculturation. For example, your friend migrated to
America with her family. You noticed on her
Facebook that after three months of being in
America, she started to act and look differently and
she is using some slang words you only hear
Americans say. This is the process of enculturation.
Your friend is slowly starting to adapt to the
American culture because it is necessary so she
would fit in.
Transmitted through Socialization or Enculturation
Culture can also be transmitted from one person to
another, and even from one society to another. One
good example of this is the transmission of a culture
of the Spanish to the Filipinos during the Spanish
colonization. The transfer of Spanish culture to the
Filipinos is done through both socialization and
enculturation. We learned their culture by
socializing with them through the church and the
schools they established.

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Aspects of Culture and Society II (Learned

Through Socialization/Enculturation and

Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive

Aside from these characteristics, there are also

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