Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Substance Use Disorders
Substance Use Disorders
SCENARIO IN MALAYSIA
Half of all illegal drug use in Malaysia involves
heroin.
Records from 2006 show there were 22,811
drug users who had been officially detected,
and this is a drop from 2005 when there were
34,813 cases detected.
The majority of drug users seem to live in
Pulau Pinang and Kedah.
It is believed that at least 1.1% of the
Malaysian population is involved in illegal drug
use.
SCENARIO IN MALAYSIA
Withdrawal state
Tolerance
Cloninger
Type1 - onset>25 years ,strong environmental influence, loss
of control, guilt
Deterioration of personality
Physical illness
Respite to relatives
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Promote complete abstinence
Aversion therapy
Covert sensitization
Dose 250mg/day
Warning card is essential,Informed consent too
OTHER AGENTS
Acamprosate(Calcium acetyl homotaurine) NMDA receptor
antagonist and GABA agonist
333mg 2tab three times a day
Naltrexone 50mg/day
(Opioid receptor antagonist)
Group therapy
Individual psychotherapy
carcinogenic
CNS stimulant
Tobacco Components
Nicotine
A dangerous, colorless, oily compound.
Highly addictive stimulant both physically and psychologically.
Nicotine spreads to the nervous system within 8 seconds
Gases,Vapors,Chemicals and Compounds
Carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, acetone,
cadmium, pyridine, benzene, phenol, acrolin, vinyl chloride,
hydrogen cyanide and sulfide, formaldehyde, and ammonia.
Tar which Contains numerous cancer-causing particles (carcinogens) that
remain in the lungs.
Health Effects Of Smoking On The Body
NICOTINE & PSYCHIATRY
Used as self medication. Acts on nicotinic subtype of
acetylcholine receptors.
Other interventions
Supportive psychotherapy
AMPHETAMINES
D-amphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), Methamphetamine (crystal meth -
injectable form)
Symptoms include
Inattention, in-coordination, irritability, depression and
sudden death
Ketamine,
Acid (LSD).
Methamphetamine
Thank you