Classifications and Effects of Hazards and Risks

CLASSIFICATIONS AND EFFECTS OF
HAZARDS AND RISKS

EFFECTS OF HAZARDS
1. Physical
Physical hazards are those substance that threaten employee’
physical safety. They are the most common and will be
present in most workplaces. They include unsafe conditions
that can cause injury, illness and death.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS:
Hearing loss, Stress, Annoyance
Back disorders, wide range of health conditions
Heat stroke, Fainting
Hypothermia, frostbite
Pulmonary disorders
2. Chemical
Chemical hazards are present when employees are exposed to
any chemical preparation in the workplace is solid, liqud, or
gas form. Some chemicals are safer than others, but to some
employees who are more sensitive to chemicals, even
common solutions can cause them illness, skin irritation, or
breathing problems.
CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
Lung cancer
Decreased oxygen supply in blood
Heart failure
Infertility
3. Biological
Biological hazards come from working with animals, people, or
infectious plant materials. Workers in day care centers,
hospitals, hotel laundry and room cleaning, laboratories,
veterinary offices, and nursing homes are more exposed to
biological hazards
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS:
Asthma
Other Respiratory conditions due to substances
Intestinal infectious diseases
4, Safety
Safety hazards are anything that can have an adverse impact on
employees safety such as energized electrical wires, guns,
knives, and unguarded roof edge from which one might fall
off.
Hearing loss
Fracture
Sprain
Laceration
Internal organ damage
5. Ergonomic
Ergonomic hazards occur when the type of work, body
position, and working conditions put strain on employees
body. They are the hardest to spot since employees do not
always immediately notice the strain on their body or the
harm these hazards pose. Short-term exposure may result in
sore muscles the next day or in the days following exposure,
but long-term exposure can result in serious long-term
injuries.
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS:
Pain in the fingers, wrists, or other parts of the body
Loss of muscle function or weakness
Range of motion loss
Discomfort when making certain movements
6. Work Organization
These are hazards or stressors that cause short-terms and long
term effects. These are the hazards associated with workplace
issues such as workload, lack of control and/or respect,
among others.
WORK ORGANIZATION HAZARDS:
Emotional instability
Lack of concentration
Illness
Substance Abuse
Host of behavioral issues that further exacerbate workplace
chaos
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS AND
RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
 When the workplace is free from hazards and risks, injuries
and accidents are prevented. It is essential for employees’ to
be familiar with the type of hazards so that they know how to
act according to the situation and perform necessary actions.
 Hazards that may arise in a workplace are classified into two
main types
1, Safety Hazards
Accidents and injuries like broken bones, cuts and loss of
eyesight at work are generally the result of safety hazards.
Examples of safety hazards are.
• Unguarded machinery and equipment
• Fire/Explosions
• Confined spaces
• Working from heights
• Electrical Hazards
• Slippery Surfaces
• Lifting and manual handling
2. Health Hazards
These are conditions that may be physical, chemical, biological,
ergonomical, or organizational. Diseases and illnesses caused
by these hazards are difficult to recognize because they
develop slowly and may occur a long time after exposure.
TYPES OF HEALTH HAZARDS
1. Physical Hazards
*Radiation
*Excessive exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
*Extreme Hazards
*Constant Exposure to loud noise
2. Chemical Hazards
*Cleaning products, paints, acids, and solvents

*Vapors and fumes from welding
*Acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide, and helium gases
*Flamable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive
chemicals
*Pesticides
3. Biological Hazards
*Blood and other body fluids

*Fungi/mold
*Bacteria/viruses
*Plants
*Insect Bites
*Animal and bird droppings
4. Ergonomical Hazards
*Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
*Frequent lifting
*Poor posture
*Awkward movements
*Repetitive movements
*Excess use of force
*Vibration
5. Work Organization Hazards
*Workload demands
*Workplace violence
*Intensity and/or pace
*Lack of respect
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
PPE is used to reduce or minimize the
exposure or contact to injurious physical,
chemical, ergonomic, and biological agents.
A hazard cannot be eliminated by PPE but
the risk of injury can be reduced.
Types of PPE
1. Eye and face protection.
2. Head Protection
3. Foot Protection
4. Hand Protection
5. Hearing Protection
STEPS IN CONTROLLING HAZARD AND
RISKS
1. Conduct a hazard assessment such as:
*Identifying hazard by conducting a survey in
the workplace.
*Determining whether any hazard requires
PPE
*Paying attention to working condition that
can produce hazard and risk.
2. Select appopriate equipment. Ensure that
all PPE used is appopriate for the job and
maintained properly.
3. Have knowledge on the following:
* Which PPE is necessary?
* How to identify if it fits properly?
* How to wear, adjust, and remove PPE.
* How to dispose of PPE?
* What is the limitation of using PPE?
FOLLOWING AND OBSERVING
ORGANIZATIONAL PROTOCOL WHEN
PROVIDING EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
 Acciddents, fires, and other emergencies can occur anytime

and anywhere. Any workplace should have procedures in
dealing with emergencies to ensure safety. Emergencies
preparedness is essential because it lessens the impact of
disaster or any unexpected potentially harmful it could be an
injury, severe illness, chemical spill, fire flood, storm, assault
among others. In case of emergency, the emppolyees should
do the following:
Contact the right person to get
help
Give the correct address and
direction of your workplace
Identify the contact person
within your workplace in case
an emergency happens.
Know the location of fire
extinguisher, break-glass alarm,
first aid kits, safety shower, eye
wash station, and chemical spill
control materials.
Make sure you know how to
use and operate the emergency
equipment
Know the basic first aid, and
learn cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
Know where the emergency
exists and evacuation area are
located

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CLASSIFICATIONS AND EFFECTS OF

HAZARDS AND RISKS

*Cleaning products, paints, acids, and solvents

*Blood and other body fluids

 Acciddents, fires, and other emergencies can occur anytime

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