Diskusi Topik - Ali Mustagi - Mata Normal Visus Turun Perlahan
Diskusi Topik - Ali Mustagi - Mata Normal Visus Turun Perlahan
Diskusi Topik - Ali Mustagi - Mata Normal Visus Turun Perlahan
Perlahan
ALI MUSTAGI
I11108022
Topik
• Katarak
• Glaukoma
• Retinopati
katarak
Definition
• A cataract is present when the transparency of
the lens is reduced to the point that the
patient’s vision impaired
Classification
• Congenital and developmental cataract
– a result of developmental disturbance of lens during
the process of development of the fetus
• Aquired cataract
– Senile cataract; age related cataract
– Traumatic cataract; eye trauma cause lens opacities
– Complicated cataract; due to ocular inflammation or
degeneration affects lens metabolism
– Metabolic cataract; metabolic disturbance
– Toxic cataract; drugs and chemicals that induce
cataracts
Causes
• Age
• Hereditery
• DM
• UV Rays
• Toxic
Aquired Cataract
Age related/Senile Cataract
• Clinical findings
– Symptom :
Progressively blurred
vision
– Types : According to
the place of opacity
appear first
• Subcapsular cataract
• Nuclear Cataract
• Cortical Cataract
Subcapsular cataract
• Nodal point effect on vision, troubled by
glare, headlights from incoming cars
• 2 types of subcapsular cataract
– Anterior subcapsular : lies directly under the lens
capsule, associated with fibrous metaplasia of
the lens epithelium
– Posterior subcapsular : lies in front of the
posterior capsule, has granular or plaque-like
appearance on slit lamp. Typically appears black
and vacuolated on retroillumination
Subcapsular cataract
A. Posterior subcapsular, granular or plaque
like appearance
B. Black and vacuolated on retroillumination
Movement of
the fluid in the
eye
Pathophisiology
• The aqueous humor is formed by the ciliary
processes and secreted into the posterior
chamber of the eye
• 2 Physiologic Resistance of Aqueos Flow:
– 1st Resistance: Pupil Closed-Angle
– 2nd Resistance: Trabecular Meshwork Open-Angle
Classification
• Glaucoma Primary
(unknown etiology)
– Closed angle glaucoma
– Acute congestive
glaucoma
• Glaucoma Secondary
(caused by another
diseases)
– Abnormality lens
– Abnormality uvea
– Trauma
– Surgery
– And the other
• Glaucoma congenital
Examination
• Measuring Intraocular Pressure
–Palpation
–Schiotz Indentation Tonometry
–Applanation tonometry
–Pneumatic non – contact tonometry
Palpation
• Palpation
– If the examiner can
indent the eyeball,
which fluctuates under
palpation, pressure is
less than 20 mmHg.
– An eyeball that is not
resilient but rock hard
is a sign of about 60–70
mmHg of pressure
(acute angle closure
glaucoma).
Schiotz indentation tonometry