Number Systems
Number Systems
Number Systems
NUMBER SYSTEMS
Common Number Systems
Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No
decimal A, B, … F
Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
p. 33
Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Quantities/Counting (3 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17 Etc.
Conversion Among Bases
The possibilities:
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
pp. 40-46
Quick Example
Base
Decimal to Decimal (just for
fun)
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Next slide…
Weight
Base
Binary to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
Add the results
Example
Bit “0”
1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Try this one!
1110111(binary) to
decimal
Answer: 119
One more!
1100001001(binary) to
decimal
Answer: 777
Octal to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
Add the results
Example
7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Try this one!
222(octal) to decimal
Answer: 146
One more!
12345678 (octal) to
decimal
Answer: invalid!
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
Add the results
Example
1F3B
Answer: 7995
One more!
9A8B
Answer: 39563
Decimal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
Technique
Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
Second remainder is bit 1
Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1
12510 = 11111012
Try this one!
1000
Answer: 1111101000
One more!
96
Answer: 1100000
Octal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
Technique
Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation
Example
7058 = ?2
7 0 5
7058 = 1110001012
Try this one!
74
Answer: 111100
One more!
12345
Answer: 1010011100101
Hexadecimal to Binary
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
Technique
Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit
equivalent binary representation
Example
10AF16 = ?2
1 0 A F
10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Try this one!
1A
Answer: 11010
Decimal to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
Technique
Divide by 8
Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8
8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2
123410 = 23228
Try this one!
30402
Answer: 73302
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Divide by 16
Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16
16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4
123410 = 4D216
Try this one!
3326
Answer: CFE
Binary to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
Technique
Group bits in threes, starting on right
Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8
1 3 2 7
10110101112 = 13278
Try this one!
110110
Answer: 66
Binary to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
Technique
Group bits in fours, starting on right
Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16
10 1011 1011
2 B B
10101110112 = 2BB16
Try this one!
10000000001
Answer: 401
Octal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6
2 3 E
10768 = 23E16
Try this one!
256
Answer: AE
Hexadecimal to Octal
Decimal Octal
Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Octal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
1F0C16 = ?8
1 F 0 C
1 7 4 1 4
1F0C16 = 174148
Try this one!
23DE
Answer: 21736
GO TO YOUR RESPECTIVE
GROUPS!
DECIMAL TO BINARY
900
Answer: 1110000100
Hexadecimal to Decimal
56789
Answer: 354185
Binary to Decimal
10011100011
Answer: 1251
Octal to decimal
6677
Answer: 3519
Octal to binary
23456
Answer: 10011100101110
Hexa to binary
69A
Answer: 11010011010
Decimal to octal
7723
Answer: 17053
Decimal to Hexa
999
Answer: 3E7
Binary to octal
10000011
Answer: 203
Binary to hexa
1101010
Answer: 6A
Octal to Hexa
3654
ANSWER: 7AC
Hexa to Octal
AAA
Answer: 5252
Exercise – Convert ...
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33
1110101
703
1AF
/ 230 =
Exercise – Free Space
pp. 36-38
Binary Addition (2 of 2)
pp. 39
Multiplication (2 of 3)
pp. 46-50
Fractions
Binary to decimal
10.1011 => 1 x 2-4 = 0.0625
1 x 2-3 = 0.125
0 x 2-2 = 0.0
1 x 2-1 = 0.5
0 x 20 = 0.0
1 x 21 = 2.0
2.6875
pp. 46-50
Fractions
.14579
Decimal to binary x 2
3.14579 0.29158
x 2
0.58316
x 2
1.16632
x 2
0.33264
x 2
0.66528
x 2
1.33056
11.001001... etc.
p. 50
Exercise – Convert ...
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
29.8
101.1101
3.07
C.82
Don’t use a calculator!
Next topic