Basic Immunology
Basic Immunology
Basic Immunology
Basic Immunology
Allergic Rhinitis
Terminology:
“The United Airway”, “Chronic Allergic Respiratory
Syndrome”, “Allergic Inflammatory Airway Syndrome”
Antimicrobial peptides
Mohamad R. Chaaban, Robert M. Naclerio, Immunology and Allergy, in Bailey”s , Byron J.; Head & Neck Surgery
Otolaryngollogy, . 5th ed. 2014 p.379-411
Immune responses
13 Skin & Mucous membranes
Barriers
rapidly regenerating surfaces, peristaltic
Invasion movement, mucociliary escalator,
& infection vomiting, flow of urine/tears, coughing
Inflammation
+
Cellular and humoral defences
Adaptive immunity Antibodies, cytokines, T helper cells,
cytotoxic T cells
The Link Between the Innate and
Adaptive Immune System
B-lymphocytes (B cells)
Differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies
Function as antigen-presenting cells (APC’s)
T-lymphocytes (T cells)
Differentiate into effector cells following antigen presentation
by antigen presenting cells (APC’s)
Physical barriers:
Skin and airway mucosa (epithelial) cells release and express
mediators and receptors to initiate elimination mechanisms.
Mucus secretion by goblet cells prevents adherence of micro-
organisms to the epithelial cells, preventing their entrance into the
body. trapped in the mucus and removed from the airway by ciliary
movements.
Cytokines, Interferon and Chemokins
22
Allergic conditions
Genetic predisposition
The timing of environmental exposures
Triggers : dust mite, molds, animal dander, and the pollens
of trees, grasses, and weeds
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The Hygiene Hypothesis
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The Allergic Rhinitis Response
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Pathophysiology Of Rhinitis
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Pathophysiology of Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis, Betul Sin and Alkis Togias
Pathophysiology Of Rhinitis
35
Pathophysiology of Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis, Betul Sin and Alkis Togias
Mechanism Immunotherapy
36
THE NEURAL COMPONENT OF ALLERGY
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Oliver Pfaar. Pathophysiology of Itching and Sneezing in Allergic Rhinitis. Swiss Med 2009;139 35-40