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Aerial Triangulation
Aerial Triangulation
TRIANGULATION
Group 3
Balangat, Jonalyn
Ballesteros, Joyce
Calauad, Kate Ayza
Clarete, Russel John
Cutamora, Marc Justin
Dacayanan, Jessa Mae
DEFINITION
• Aerial Triangulation is the process of contiguous densifying
and extending ground control through computational
means. This operation includes establishing ground control
points; performing interior orientation; measuring and
transferring all tie, check, and control points appearing on
all photographs manually; and performing a least squares
block adjustment. This process ultimately provides exterior
orientation parameters for photographs and three-
dimensional co-ordinates for measured object points.
PURPOSE
• The purpose of Aerial Triangulation is to refine the Exterior Orientation
parameters (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ, Ω, Φ, κ) computed through direct geo-referencing
for each imagery, which will help to achieve the desired accuracy while
generating DEM. In general the ground control points provided by the client
will be used for Aerial Triangulation.
BENEFITS OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION
(d x, dy, dz ), ( ω,φ,κ )
INNER ORIENTATION
Inner orientation is performed to locate the aerial photo by using fiducial mark.
RELATIVE ORIENTATION
Relative orientation provides a convenient means of checking most point making and
photogrammetric measurement.
PASS PASS-POINTS AND TIE POINTS AND TIE-POINTS
Pass-point and Tie-points are used to connect photos
or models and strips.
BLOCK ADJUSTMENT BY BLOCK ADJUSTMENT BY BUNDLE
ADJUSTMENT BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT
2.) OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS – exposed with the camera axis titled intentionally
away from the vertical.
-LOW OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
-HIGH OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
LOW OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
HIGH OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
FOCAL LENGTH
• THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE CAMERA IS DEFINED AS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
THE REAR NODAL POINT OF THE LENS AND THE FOCAL PLANE.
• THE USUAL NOMINAL VALUES OF FOCAL LENGTHS USED ARE: 90mm. 153mm,
210mm, 305mm and 760mm.
• THERE IS A CLASSIFICATION OF FOCAL LENGTHS:
1.) SHORT FOCAL LENGTH – if the focal length of camera lens is less than
305mm (12”)
2.) LONG FOCAL LENGTH – a camera lens with a focal length greater than
305mm.
SAMPLE OF INSTRUMENT USED
GEOMETRY OF
VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHIC FLIGHT LINES
PHOTOGRAPHIC OVERLAPS
1.) END LAP
2. SIDE LAP