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0 Demo
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Learning outcomes:
Gases: Free
Liquids: Sparse
Solids: Bound up
Composition of matter:
Every matter (be it solid,
liquid or gas) is composed
of small invisible particles.
These small particles are
called as Atoms.
Human hair and microscopic particles
Size of Atom compared to human hair
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Atom:
Atoms are fundamental
building blocks of the
matter. They are made up of
smaller elements called
protons, neutrons and
electrons. Altogether these
elements are called as sub-
atomic particles
Quick fact:
In 1800’s it was believed
the atoms are the smallest
particle of the matter and
can not be divided into
smaller particles.
3 D Model of an Atom
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Sub-atomic particles:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Proton:
A proton is a subatomic
particle. It is located in the
nucleus of atom. And it has
a positive electrical charge.
The proton is represented
by symbol p or P+.
Neutron:
The neutron is a subatomic
particle. It is located in the
nucleus of an atom. And it
does not have any electrical
charge. The neutron is
represented by symbol
n or n0.
Nucleus:
Nucleus is the central part
of the atom. It is composed
of protons and neutrons.
Protons and neutrons are
called as nucleons. The
nucleus has a positive
charge. Nucleus is bound to
each other by strong
nuclear force between
nucleon's.
Electron:
An electron is subatomic
particle. It is located outside
the nucleus orbiting around
the central part (nucleus=
Protons + Neutrons) of
atom. It is negatively
charged. The electron can
be free and independent as
well as bound with the
nucleus of atom. The
electron is represented by
symbol e −.
Subatomic particles:
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A) Atom: B) Electron:
C) Proton: D) Neutron:
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Atomic Mass Number:
The mass number (symbol
A) is also called as atomic
mass number or
nucleon number. The
atomic mass number is the
total number of protons
and neutrons in the
nucleolus of an atom.
Thank You