(BNJ 20903) Theories of Elastic Failures: Solid Mechanics Ii
(BNJ 20903) Theories of Elastic Failures: Solid Mechanics Ii
( BNJ 20903)
CHAPTER 6
Theories of Elastic
Failures
CHAPTER VI THEORIES OF FAILURE
Introduction
Maximum Normal Stress Theory (Rankine
Theory)
Maximum Normal Strain Theory (St-Venant
Theory)
Maximum Shear Stress Theory (Tresca Yield
Criterion)
Strain Energy Theory (Haigh Theory)
Maximum Distortion Energy Theory (Von
Misses)
INTRODUCTION ( CONTD..)
Stress-Analysis is performed on a component to
determine
The required “size or geometry” (design)
an allowable load (service)
cause of failure (forensic)
For all of these, a limit stress or allowable stress value
for the component material is required.
Hence, a Failure-Theory is needed to define the onset
or criterion of failure
INTRODUCTION (CONTD..)
FAILURE
•Occurs if a component can no longer function as intended.
•Failure Modes:
U
U
U
1
1 1
-U U
-U
MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS THEORY
• This theory is based on the observation that
yield in ductile materials is caused by slippage
of the material along oblique surfaces and is
due primarily to shearing stress.
• A given structural component is safe as long as
the maximum value max of the shearing stress
in that component remains smaller than the
corresponding value of the shearing stress in a
tensile test specimen of the same material as
the specimen starts to yield.
• For a 3D complex stress system, the max shear
stress is given by:
max = ½ (1-2)
• On the other hand, in the 1D stress system as
obtained in the tensile test, at the yield limit,
1= Y and 2=0, therefore:-
• max= ½ Y
MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS THEORY (CONT.)
Thus,
max 1 - 2
1 1
max Y and
2 2
Y 1 - 2
1 1
2 2
1 - 2 Y 1 and 2 have opposite signs
1 Y
1 and 2 have same signs
2 Y
Ud
1
6G
1 - 1 2 2
2 2
MAXIMUM DISTORTION ENERGY THEORY (CONT)
In the particular case of a tensile test specimen that is
starting to yield, we have:-
1 Y , 2 0
2Y
and U d Y
6G
Thus ,
2Y
6G 6G
1
1 1 2 2
2 2
2Y 1 1 2 2
2 2
1 cm
15 kN 3.25 Nm
SOLUTION
P 15
Calculating 2 19 .10 kN
the 2 191MPa
stresses caused by axial force and torque
A 0.5 cm
x
x Tc
P 15
P 3.25
150.52 19.10 kNkN 2 191MPa
xyx A 0.5 2 165 19 10 cm 2 191MPa
.5.MPa
JA 00.5.54 cm
3.250.5
165.5 MPa
Tc
xy Tc 2 3.250.5 165.5MPa
xy J 0.5 4 165.5MPa
2
J 0.5 4 191.1MPa
2
The Principal stresses
x y x
y 2 2
2
11,,22 2 x
y
x y xy xy
2
2 2 2
2
2
x00 y
191
2
0 y
x 2
1,2 191
191
191 0 .(5165
(165 )2 5 )2
.xy
2 2
2 2
22
95.5 191.1
95 .5 1910 .1 191 0
2
191
1 95.6
(165.5)
2
21 95
2
.6 2
286.6
295 .5 .6 191.1
286
1 95.6
SOLUTION ( CONTD..)
Applying Maximum Shear stress theory
1 2 y
95.6 ( 286.6) 360
382.2 360
So shear failure occurs
Applying Maximum distortion theory
1
2 2
1 2 2 y
2
95.6
(95.6)( 286.6) (286.6) 2 3602
2
118677.9 129600
No Failure
PROBLEM 2
40 MPa
Y 250MPa 125MPa
1 1
Y
2 2
The maximum shearing stress can be determined by using formula
or mohr' s circle : -
max 65MPa
Therefore , tha factor of safety wit h respect to yield is : -
125MPa
F.S Y 1.92
max 65MPa
SOLUTION (CONT)
1 1 2 2 Y
2 2
F.S
2
F.S
250
114.3
F.S
F.S 2.19
PROBLEM 3
For an A 36 steel find the chances of failure by Tresca
and Von mises criterion
(Take y= 250 MPa)
80 MPa
75 MPa
125 MPa