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Groundwater Flow To Wells
Groundwater Flow To Wells
I. Overview
A. Water well uses
1. Extraction
2. Injection
I. Overview
A. Water well uses
B. Terms
1. Cone of depression
2. Drawdown
3. Unsteady Flow
I. Overview
A. Water well uses
B. Terms
C. Goals
1. Compute dh/dt given knowledge
of the properties of the aquifer
s = ho -ht
ho -ht = Q* * wu
4πT
u = r2*S
4Tt
THEIS CURVE
II. Theis Method
C. Examples (with known values)
ho -ht = Q* * wu
4πT
u = r2*S
4Tt
II. Theis Method
A. Additional Assumptions
B. The Equations
C. Examples (with known values)
D. Examples (with unknown values)
THEIS CURVE
DRAWDOWN DATA
Problem: A well in a confined aquifer was pumped at a rate of 42,400 ft3/d
for 500 minutes. The aquifer is 48 ft. thick. Time drawdown data from an
observation well located 824 ft away yields the following data (see previous
slide of drawdown data).
Find T, K, and S.
III. Jacob Straight Line Method
A. Overview
B. Conditions
C. The Equation
D. Example
T = 2.3Q
4πΔh
S = 2.25T*t0
r2
III. Jacob Straight Line Method
D. Example
T = 2.3Q
4πΔh
S = 2.25T*t0
r2
Find T, K, and S.
IV. Distance Drawdown Method
A. Overview
B. Equations
C. Example
T = 2.3Q
2πΔh
S = 2.25T*t
r02
Distance Drawdown Method
16
14
12
10
Drawdown (ft)
0
1 10 100 1000
Distance (ft)
IV. Distance Drawdown Method Distance Drawdown Method
C. Example 16
14
T = 2.3Q 12
2πΔh 10
Drawdown (ft)
S = 2.25T*t 8
r02 6
0
1 10 100 1000
Distance (ft)
A well is pumping 77,000 ft3/d, and has observational wells located 10, 40, 150,
300, and 400 ft away from the pumping well. After 0.14 days of pumping, the
Following drawdowns were observed in the observation wells (see graph).
Determine T (ft2/d) and S of the aquifer.
V. Hzorslev Method
(Slug or Bail Test)
K = r2*ln(L/R)
2Lt0.37
Hzorslev Method
Time
since
injection h h/ho
0 0.88 1.000
1 0.6 0.682
2 0.38 0.432
3 0.21 0.239
4 0.12 0.136
5 0.06 0.068
6 0.04 0.045
7 0.02 0.023
8 0.01 0.011
9 0 0.000
Hzorslev Method
1
h/ho
0.1
0.01
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tim e (s)
V. Hzorslev Method
(Slug or Bail Test)
K = r2*ln(L/R) 1
2Lt0.37
h/ho
0.1
0.01
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tim e (s)
0 520
0.2 520.2
0.4 520.3
0.8 520.6
1 521
2 522
3 523
4 524
5 525
VII. Recovery of Pumping Wells
0.4 520.3
524
0.8 520.6
523
1 521
522
2 522
3 523
521
4 524
520 5 525
519
0 1 2 3 4 5 6