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  • HF Communication: Past, Present, Future 1

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    This document discusses the history and future of HF (high frequency) communication. It covers the basics of HF communication including different propagation methods. It then reviews the evolution of HF communication technology over three generations from the 1920s to the present. Key ongoing challenges for HF communication are reliable transmission, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. The document proposes future directions such as developing intelligent HF radios, enabling wideband HF transmission, and creating heterogeneous networks.

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    This document discusses the history and future of HF (high frequency) communication. It covers the basics of HF communication including different propagation methods. It then reviews the evolution of HF communication technology over three generations from the 1920s to the present. Key ongoing challenges for HF communication are reliable transmission, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. The document proposes future directions such as developing intelligent HF radios, enabling wideband HF transmission, and creating heterogeneous networks.

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    42 views26 pages

    HF Communication: Past, Present, Future 1

    Uploaded by

    pk
    This document discusses the history and future of HF (high frequency) communication. It covers the basics of HF communication including different propagation methods. It then reviews the evolution of HF communication technology over three generations from the 1920s to the present. Key ongoing challenges for HF communication are reliable transmission, achieving high data rates, and enabling massive remote access. The document proposes future directions such as developing intelligent HF radios, enabling wideband HF transmission, and creating heterogeneous networks.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 26

    Hf communication : past,

    present, future

    HF communication: past, present, future 1


    contents

    • INTRODUCTION
    • BRIEF PRELIMINARIES ON HF COMMUNICATION
    • HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HF COMMUNICATION
    • KEY CHALLENGES
    • FUTURE DIRECTION
    • SUMMARY
    HF communication: past, present, future 2
    INTRODUCTION

    • An electromagnetic frequency defined by ITU for radio and radar


    comm.
    • Operates in a range of 3 to 30 MHz.
    • Wavelength 10 to 100m.
    • Important wireless comm. Practice.
    HF communication: past, present, future 3
    USES OF HF COMMUNICATION

    • Emergency comm. In disaster area.


    • Remote comm. With ships, aircrafts.
    • International and regional broadcasting.
    • Amateur radio.
    • Maritime sea-to-shore service.
    • Air-to-ground communication.
    HF communication: past, present, future 4
    BRIEF PRELIMINARIES ON HF
    COMMUNICATION

    • Surface/Ground wave propagation


    • Sky wave propagation
    • Line of sight

    HF communication: past, present, future 5


    SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION
    • A wave which guided along the surface of the earth.
    • Produced by vertically polarized antennas.
    • Propagates with absorption and reflection.
    • Attenuation increases as frequency increases.
    • Propagates low frequencies(VLF,LF,MF) upto 2 MHz.
    • Short distance communication
    • Ex:- AM broadcasting, ship-to-ship comm.
    HF communication: past, present, future 6
    HF communication: past, present, future 7
    SKY WAVE PROPAGATION

    • A wave that is refracted/reflected towards the earth from


    ionosphere.
    • Ionization is possible due to presence of sun energy.
    • Propagates middle range frequencies(HF,VHF).
    • Used for long distance transmission.
    • Ex:- Military communication, international broadcasting.
    HF communication: past, present, future 8
    HF communication: past, present, future
    9
    LINE OF SIGHT

    • LOS operates in a range of 15 to 85kms.


    • Transmitting and receiving antenna must be within line of sight
    • Radio band changes due to change in refractive index of
    atmosphere.
    • Height of tower should be high from obstecles.
    • Ex:- TV, Satellite, optical comm.
    HF communication: past, present, future 10
    HF communication: past, present, future 11
    HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HF
    COMMUNICATION

    • Starts around 1985


    • Marconi & other radio pioneers began to use long wavelengths
    • HF were given for experiments until 1921
    • HF band’s long distance transmission capability
    • Lower transmit power and smaller antennas.
    HF communication: past, present, future 12
    FIRST GENERATION HF COMMUNICATION(1920-
    1970)

    • Spark gap transmitter


    • Manual frequency selection
    • Invention of continuous wave oscillator
    • Analogy voice service
    • Point-to-point communication
    • MSK, FSK, PSK gives better performance
    HF communication: past, present, future 13
    second GENERATION HF
    COMMUNICATION(1980-1990)

    • Automatic link establishment.


    • Digital voice/data service.
    • Point-to-multipoint communication.
    • Asynchronous process requires long time.
    • Voice service lack of data.
    HF communication: past, present, future 14
    third GENERATION HF COMMUNICATION(2000-
    2010)
    • Automatic link establishment
    • High performance data transmission
    • Channel for link establishment and transmission separated.
    • Higher data rate,lower SNR, faster link establishment
    • Synchronous technique reduced scanning time.
    • Integrated service from analogy to digital voice.
    HF communication: past, present, future 15
    Next generation hf communication(2010-
    )

    • Intelligent operations
    • Wideband data transmission
    • Heterogeneous networking

    HF communication: past, present, future 16


    Key challenges

    • Reliability
    • High Data Rates
    • Massive Remote Access

    HF communication: past, present, future 17


    RELIABILITY

    • Due to complex and unpredictable factor of Nature


    • Ex:-changing in ionospheric refrection
    • Unintentional interference
    • Intentional jamming

    HF communication: past, present, future 18


    HIGH DATA RATES

    • For supporting video and image transmissions.


    • Voice and data with less cost
    • Transmission of large data files

    HF communication: past, present, future 19


    MASSIVE REMOTE ACCESS

    • Increasing in worldwide applications like ships, aircrafts etc.


    • Massive :-huge no. of concurrent connection comm.
    • Remote:-distance bw HF transceivers is large.

    HF communication: past, present, future 20


    Future direction

    • Intelligent HF radio
    • Wideband HF
    • Heterogeneous Networking

    HF communication: past, present, future 21


    HF communication: past, present, future 22
    INTELLIGENT HF RADIOS

    • Improve self adaptability.


    • Proactive ALE
    • Pre selection of favourable freq. based on spectrum prediction.
    • Smart anti-jamming
    HF communication: past, present, future 23
    WIDEBAND HF

    • Increase data rates for supporting diverse services.


    • Design a new waveform utilizing current 3 KHz allocation.
    • Multichannel approach.
    • Increase data rates using wider contiguous waveform.
    HF communication: past, present, future 24
    HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK

    • Improve reliability by diverse combining.


    • Centralized access control to coordinate massive connections.
    • Integrated space-air-marine-ground comm. Network.

    HF communication: past, present, future 25


    summary

    • Presents a general tutorial on HF comm.


    • Technical evolution of HF comm.
    • Key challenges.
    • Future directions.
    HF communication: past, present, future 26

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