First Aid

First Aid
The immediate , temporary care given

to a person who has become sick or
who has been injured.
The first five minutes of an emergency are the
most critical; stay calm and remember the six
priorities in an emergency.
1. Check area for immediate
dangers.
2. Check if victim is conscious.
3. Check for breathing
 A. Check to see if
airway is open, if its
not, open airway.
 B. If victim is not
breathing, start
RESCUE BREATHING!
4. Control severe bleeding
5. Check victim for poisoning
6. Send for medical help
(call 911 now if you haven’t done so in step 2)
Open Wounds-caused by accidents, falls, sharp tools
and machines.( 4 of them)
 1. Abrasion(scrape)-
damages outer layers
of skin, caused by
scraping or rubbing,
doesn’t bleed much
but can become
infected easily.
 2. Laceration(cut)-
caused by a sharp
object, the skin can
have jagged or
smooth edges, usually
result in lots of blood
and can cause
damages to deeper
tissues.
 3. Puncture- caused by a
pin, splinter or other
pointed object piercing
the skin. Not much
external bleeding, but
causes internal bleeding,
damage to organs and
infection. When object
stays in skin, infection
risk is higher.
Notice the difference between a
laceration and a puncture wound
 4. Avulsion-when tissue
is separated partially or
completely from a
person’s body. This is
usually caused by car
accidents and animal
bites. Send separated
body parts to hospital
with victim packed in ice
or water to preserve it for
reattachment.
First Aid for Open Wounds(4 steps)
 1. Stop the bleeding
– Apply direct pressure
to the wound or
pressure point.
– Apply firm pressure.
– If possible, wear latex
gloves to prevent
against infection
 2. Protect the wound
– Use a clean, white
cloth, if available. If
not available, use a
coat, undershirt etc to
cover the wound.
3. Treat for Shock
 SHOCK- failure of cardiovascular system to keep
adequate blood circulating to organs.
 Shock can result from: severe bleeding, heart attack,
electrocution, poisoning, burns or sudden changes in
temp.
 Symptoms: weakness in arms/legs, confusion, fast or
slow pulse, pale/clammy skin, bluish lips.
 Treatment: keep victim lying down, maintain normal
body temperature and send for medical help. Also,
elevate their feet 8-12in. above head so blood returns
back to the heart. DON’T GIVE THEM FOOD OR DRINK
4. Get Help
 Send someone else
for help, if you are
alone, shout for help.
Leave victim only
after you’ve provided
first aid and feel
you’ve lessoned the
risk of further injury
or death.
Blood Types
 Types: A, B, AB and O
– You can be positive or negative as well
– O is the universal donor
– AB is the universal recipient
What type are you?

Severe Burns(3 types)
 1. First-degree-
superficial, top layer
of skin, healing takes
few days. ex:
sunburn.
First Degree Burn
 2. Second-degree-
top several layers of
skin, blisters and
blotchy skin, healing
takes weeks.
Second degree burn
 . Third-degree- most serious, destroys all layers of skin
and nerves, muscles, fat and bones, burns look brown or
black. Victim needs medical help, ease pain with cool
water and cover with clean, dry dressing. DON’T remove
any clothing that is stuck to burn.
Third degree burn
First Aid for Severe burns
 Run the burn under cool gently running water (if
possible)
 Place a clean dry dressing over the area to
prevent infection
 Raise the burn area above the heart (if possible)
 Treat for shock
 Never attempt to remove any clothing that is
stuck to the burn
 Get medical help immediately
Poisoning
 1 to 2 million poisonings occur in the
United states each year
 Half of these involve medicines and/or

household products
 Most poisonings involve children under the

age of 6
Poisonous Snakes
Copperhead
Rattlesnake
Water
moccasin
Coral Snake
How to treat snake bites
 Get the person medical help immediately
 Keep the bitten area at or below the level
of the heart
 Delay the absorption of the venom
– Snakes are cold blooded, therefore venom
works faster in a cold environment
 Keep the victim calm and maintain their
breathing
Poisonous Plants
Poison oak Poison sumac
Poison Ivy
Treatment
 Some people show no symptoms from poisonous
plants. Others have a skin rash with swelling,
itching, blistering, and a fever.
 First Aid
– Remove any clothing that might be contaminated
– Wash the area with soap and water
– Use calamine lotion to relieve itching
– Seek Medical attention if needed
Poisonous Chemicals
 Pesticides, solvents, household cleaning
supplies…
 Poisoning through direct contact is usually

characterized by the burning of the skin
Treatment
 Remove as much of the chemical from the
skin as you can by running it under water
for at least 15 minutes
 Contact the PCC

PCC
 POSION CONTROL CENTER
– Is a 24 hour hotline that provides medical advice on
treating poison
Or you can call 911
They may tell you to do one of the following:
Emetic is an agent that induces vomiting (tablespoon of

salt dissolved in warm water)
You may also use large amounts of water or mild to
dilute the poison.
Choking
 Choking related accidents cause 4,000 deaths each year,

most victims under age of 4.
 Causes: meat(#1), playing around while eating, food not

chewed well, alcohol and dentures.
 The food become lodged in the Trachea (wind pipe)
 Two types of choking or foreign body
airway obstruction:
 1. partial obstruction- good air exchange,
person is coughing, encourage them to
cont. coughing, don’t interfere but stay
with them.
 2. complete obstruction- poor to no air
exchange, victim can’t speak, breath or
cough. Start HEIMLICH MANEUVER!
Heimlich Maneuver Steps
 1
 Ask the choking person to stand if he or she is sitting. Ask “Are you choking”
 Step2
 Place yourself slightly behind the standing victim. Make sure their feet are spread
apart
 Step3
 Reassure the victim that you know the Heimlich maneuver and are going to help.
 Step4
 Place your arms around the victim's waist.
 Step5
 Make a fist with one hand and place your thumb toward the victim, just above his or
her belly button.
.
 Step6
 Grab your fist with your other hand.
 Step7
 Deliver five upward squeeze-thrusts into the abdomen.
 Step8
 Make each squeeze-thrust strong enough to dislodge a foreign body.
 Step9
 Understand that your thrusts make the diaphragm move air out of the victim's lungs, creating a
kind of artificial cough.
 Step10
 Keep a firm grip on the victim, since he or she can lose consciousness and fall to the ground if
the Heimlich maneuver is not effective.
 Step11
 Repeat the Heimlich maneuver until the foreign body is expelled.
If you are alone and choking call
911 if you can and …
Unconscious Choking
 Basically the same as CPR.
 9th grade—you will learn this next year
Hand positions for Unconscious
Choking
Other injuries
What do you remember from our
physical fitness unit?
 Fractures
 Sprains
 Strains
– RICE
 tendonitis
 Heat cramps, stroke, and exhaustion
 Frost bite and hypothermia
Fainting
 Temporary loss of consciousness caused
by reduce blood flow to the brain
 First Aid:
– Lie them down and elevate their feet
– Loosen any tight clothing
– Maintain airway
– Place a cool wet towel/ sponge over their face
– Seek medical help if needed
Rabies
 Viral disease of the
nervous system that may
cause madness or death
 Animals that may have

rabies: dogs, cats,
squirrels, skunks, bats,
raccoons, rats…
 Call the proper authorities

to capture the animal and
make sure you seek
medical help
Bee stings
 You may use a credit card to remove the
stinger (any flat sharp-edged object)
 Wash the area with soap and water
 Only some cases require medical help
Eye Injury
 Do not rub your eye!
It may make it worse
 Gently flush the eye

with water
Nose bleeds
 Most of the time are very
minor
 First Aid –
– Have the person sit down
and lean forward
– Apply pressure to the
nostril using any type of
cloth
– Place cotton between the
upper lip and teeth to stop
the bleeding

First Aid

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First Aid

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First Aid

The immediate , temporary care given

– O is the universal donor

– AB is the universal recipient

What type are you?

 Half of these involve medicines and/or

 Most poisonings involve children under the

Poison oak Poison sumac

 Poisoning through direct contact is usually

 Contact the PCC

Or you can call 911

They may tell you to do one of the following:

Emetic is an agent that induces vomiting (tablespoon of

 Choking related accidents cause 4,000 deaths each year,

 Causes: meat(#1), playing around while eating, food not

 Animals that may have

 Call the proper authorities

 Gently flush the eye

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