Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors
Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors
Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors
PROCESSING AIDS
LUBRICANTS
MICROORGANISM
INHIBITORS
IMPACT MODIFIERS
• improve the resistance of materials to stress
FUNCTIONS:
1. Increases the toughness of material
3. Reduce brittleness
IMPACT MODIFIERS
• Key additives for increasing flexibility and
impact strength to meet physical property
requirements
Functions:
- Reduces the melt viscosity or by decreasing adhesion
between the metallic surfaces of the processing
equipment and the material being processed or
minimizes frictional forces between moving surfaces
Internal lubricants: reduce molecular friction,
consequently decreasing the material’s melt viscosity
and allowing it to flow more easily.
External lubricants: increases the flow of the material by
decreasing the friction of the melted material as it comes
into contact with surrounding surfaces.
CLASSIFICATIONS
External = Insoluble
• Typically provide lubrication between the
polymer and the metal surface of the
processing equipment
Classic types:
Polyethylene waxes, Oxidized Polyethylene
waxes, Paraffins, Metal Soaps, Esters (high
esterification), Amides, Fatty Acids
Internal = Semi-Soluble (Plasticizer)
Typically reduce bulk viscosity through
partial compatibility with the polymer, thus
opening the polymer chain with the
lubricant’s soluble component while
providing intermolecular lubrication with the
less soluble portion of the molecule.
Classic types:
Fatty alcohols, Esters (low esterification),
EVA Wax, others
GENERAL EFFECTS OF
LUBRICANTS
Internal Lubricants External Lubricants
Promote flow Provide metal release
Exhibit good clarity Help reduce process temp
Promote weld line strength Can plate out
Minimize sink marks Slow fusion/recrystallization
Improve die filling Can cause delamination
Reduce die swell Can lower weld line strength
Reduce head and back Can cause surging
pressure
Lower HDT
MICROORGANISM INHIBITORS
• Naturally occurring polymeric materials are often
subject to microbiological deterioration.
• Synthetic polymers are not directly attacked by
microorganisms they often allow growth on their
surfaces.
• Synthetic polymeric materials can suffer different
forms of deterioration, including chemical, physical,
and biological.
• In 2005-2008 program a Committee for Conservation
embraced “microbial bio-deterioration” as a
research topic.
Antimicrobial polymers, also known as polymeric
biocides has the ability to inhibit the growth of
microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or
protozoans.
organotin-containing compounds
- major antimicrobial grouping
- monomeric organotin compounds
are now outlawed due to high
leaching
- polymeric versions can be
considered non-leaching or slowly
leaching
Quaternary ammonium carboxylates and
tributyltin compounds used against pink
staining of PVC.