ECE 476 Power System Analysis
ECE 476 Power System Analysis
1
Power System Operations Overview
2
Power System Basics
WH TWTR3
EEN 138
ST RITA
M UKWO N GO
SUN 138 WH TWTR4
TRIPP
WH TWTR5
UN IVRSTY
Raci ne
JAN 138
Pl ai sades
SGR CK4
UN IV N EU
LBT 138
N5 SGR CK5
ALB 138
RO R 138
N LK GV T
H azel ton BRLGTN 1
ALBERS-2
Paddock Benton H arbor
PO T 138 PARIS WE BAIN 4
N O M 138 M RE 138 TICH IGN
BUTLER 5 H AZL S 5 H LM 138
WIB 138
UN IO N TP5 D AR 138
BLKH AWK5
N LG 138
N ED 138
Pl easantPrai ri e
N WT 138
M ID PO RT5 N ED 161
LIBERTY5
D RFN D RY5
D UN D EE 5 BCH 138
LUN D Q ST5 TRK RIV5 WBT 138
ELK 138
CASVILL5
BLK 138
CO R 138 D IK 138
D RCO M P 5 DRNE 5
WTWEST 5
LEN A ; B LEN A ; R
8TH ST. 5 Zi on
D R EN G 5
Rockford
LO RE 5
WASH BRN 5
ELERO ; BT ELERO ; RT
ASBURY 5 Wempl eton
EL FARM 5 SO . GVW. 5
PECAT; B
Waukegan
CN TRGRV5
LAN CA; R
JULIAN 5
SALEM N 5
GALEN A 5
Sand Park
Pi erpont
B465
FO RD A; R
S PEC; R E. Rockf ord
Al pi ne
Cook - 345 kV
Charl es
B427 ; 1T
Sabrooke
Cherry Val l ey
Cook - 765 kV
Bl aw khaw k
Kenzi e Creek
SAVAN N A5
Arnol d
STILL; RT
TRAER 5 M Q O KETA5
WYO M IN G5
VIN TO N 5
Tol l w ay
D YSART 5
M T VERN 5
FAIRFAX5
PCI 5
Hanover
BEVERLY5 Tw i n Branch
BERTRAM 5
H IAWATA5
6 ST 5
Bar t l et t
Des Pl ai nes
YO RK 5
O l i ve
M ARYL; B JackSr
Wayne
I t asca
Nor di
G l endal e
M i chi gan Ci ty
W407 ( Fer m i ) Addi son
LEECO ; BP Chur ch
H 445 ; 3B
H 440 ; R
El m hur st
Lom bar d
GR M N D 5
ALBAN Y 6
E CALM S5
M EN D O ; T
D IXO N ; BT N Aurora
BVR CH 65 BVR CH 5 GARD E;
D EWITT 5 ALBAN Y 5
H 71 ; BT
H 440 ; RT STEWA; B El ect r i c Junct i on D umont 345 D umont 765
H 71 ; B
H 71 ; R
STERL; B
D unacr
Li sl e
M cCook
Sti l l w el l
D ow ners Groove
CRLRID G5
Chi ave
M ECCO RD 3 Babcock
SB PIC 5 Shef i el d
Pl ano
CO RD O ; N ELSO ; R
Wi l l Co.
R FAL; B R FAL; R
Lake George
N ELSO ; RT Romeo Tow er Rd
SB GIC 5
SB 79 5
SB 49 5 M unster
SBH YC5
SB UIC 5 Burnham
SB 74 5
SB 90 5 Lockport
SB 17 5
Bl ue Isl and
JASPER 5
SB YIC 5 SUB 77 5 Goodi ngs Grove
SB 71 5
Green Lake
D AVN PRT5
SB 78 5 Kenda Green Acres
H ILLSIE5 SB 76 5
Sand Ri dge
SB 89 5
SB 88 5
Lansi ng
Jol i et
SB EIC 5 IPSCO 3 Burr O ak
SB 58 5
SB JIC 5 Gl enw ood
M otezuma IPSCO 5 SB 70 5 Chi cago H ei ghts
F-503
Bri gg
SB A 5
F-575
East Frankf ort Country Cl ub H i l l s
Frankf ort
PO WESH K5 H ILLS 5 SB 28 5
PARN EL 5 SB 52 5 El w ood
M atteson
N Len Park Forest
Bl oom
SB 48 5 SB 47 5 U. Park
SB 31T 5 Woodhi l l
R5
SB 53 5
SB 85 5
E M O LIN E
Col l i ns
Wi l ton Center
D resden
Schahf er
SB 43 5 B B
SB 18 5
SB 112 5
93%
105%
MVA MVA
La Sal l e
Wi l mi ngton
KPECKTP5
WEST 5
SO . SUB 5
Br ai dw ood
9 SUB 5
H WY61 5
BEACO N 5
N EWPO RT5
EIC 5
BRD GPRT5
M PWSPLIT
H ALLO CK
LUCAS 5
Peoria
WATSEKA 17GO D LN D
GILM AN
FARGO
CAT M O SS
RSW EAST
RAD N O R
CAT SUB1
E PEO RIA
PIO N EERC
CAT TAP
CAT M AP KEYSTO N E
H IN ES
WAPELLO 5
JEFF 5 ED WARD S3
ED WARD S1
H EN RYCO 5
CAT SUB2
EASTERN
BURLIN 1G
D EN M ARK5 BRLGTN 5
TAZEWELL
Tazw el l
GIBSO N C
PAXTO N E H O O PESTN
N IO TA
Pow erton
GIBSO N CP
N IO TA
APAN O SE5
N LERO Y
CUBA Bloomington
VIELE 5
WEED M AN
D uck Creek
M ACO M BN E
RN TO UL J
RAN TO UL
CAN TO N
VERM ILO N
H AM LTN AM M ACO M B W
H O LLAN D
H AVAN A KICKAPO O RISIN G PERKN SRD
4
Small PowerWorld Simulator Case
Load with
green Bus 2
-20 MW
4 MVR
20 MW
-4 MVR Bus 1
arrows 1.00 PU
indicating
204 MW
102 MVR
Note the
1.00 PU
amount 106 MW
power
0 MVR
of MW -34 MW -14 MW
balance at
150 MW AGC ON
8
Basic Power Control
9
Modeling Consideration – Change
is Not Really Instantaneous!
• The change isn’t really instantaneous because of
propagation delays, which are near the speed of
light; there also wave reflection issues
– This will be addressed more in Chapters 5 and 13
Red is the vs end, green the v2 end
10
Transmission Line Limits
11
Overloaded Transmission Line
12
Transmission Lines and Trees
14
Operating Areas
15
Area Control Error (ACE)
16
Automatic Generation Control
17
Three Bus Case on AGC
-40 MW 40 MW
Bus 2 8 MVR -8 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
266 MW
133 MVR
1.00 PU
101 MW
5 MVR
-77 MW -39 MW
150 MW AGC ON
25 MVR 12 MVR 100 MW
166 MVR AVR ON
78 MW 39 MW
-21 MVR -11 MVR
Bus 3 1.00 PU
Home Area
133 MW
67 MVR
Generation
250 MW AGC ON
is automatically 34 MVR AVR ON
https://www.misoenergy.org/MARKETSOPERATIONS/REALTIMEMARKETDATA/Pages/ACEChart.aspx
Generator Costs
21
Economic Dispatch
22
Power Transactions
23
100 MW Transaction
8 MW -8 MW
Bus 2 -2 MVR 2 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
225 MW
113 MVR
1.00 PU
0 MW
32 MVR
-84 MW -92 MW
150 MW AGC ON
27 MVR 30 MVR 100 MW
138 MVR AVR ON
85 MW 93 MW
-23 MVR -25 MVR
1.00 PU
Net tie-line
Home Area Bus 3
113 MW
flow is now
Scheduled Transactions 56 MVR
100.0 MW 291 MW AGC ON
100 MW
8 MVR AVR ON
Scheduled 100 MW
Transaction from Left to Right
24
Security Constrained ED
25
Security Constrained Dispatch
-22 MW 22 MW
Bus 2 4 MVR -4 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
357 MW
179 MVR
1.00 PU
0 MW
100% 37 MVR
-122 MW
194 MW OFF AGC -142 MW
49 MVR 41 MVR 100 MW
232 MVR AVR ON
145 MW 100% 124 MW
-37 MVR -33 MVR
Bus 3 1.00 PU
Home Area
179 MW
Scheduled Transactions 89 MVR
100.0 MW 448 MW AGC ON
19 MVR AVR ON
27
Seven Bus Case: One-line
Area left has one bus Area right has one bus
28
Seven Bus Case: Area View
Area Losses
Top 7.09 MW
Actual
40.1 MW
flow
-40.1 MW
0.0 MW
0.0 MW between
System has areas
40 MW of
Scheduled
“Loop Flow”
Left Right flow
Area Losses 40.1 MW Area Losses
0.33 MW 0.0 MW 0.65 MW
Area Losses
Top 9.44 MW
Note that
4.8 MW
0.0 MW
-4.8 MW Top’s
0.0 MW
Losses have
increased
from
7.09MW to
Left Right
9.44 MW
Area Losses 104.8 MW Area Losses
-0.00 MW 100.0 MW 4.34 MW
31
3 BUS LMPS - OVERLOAD IGNORED
60 MW 60 MW
Bus 2 Bus 1
10.00 $/MWh
Gen 2’s Gen 1’s
cost cost
0 MW 10.00 $/MWh
is $12 is $10
120 MW 180 MW
per 120% per
MWh 0 MW MWh
60 MW
120% 120 MW
Total Cost 60 MW
1800 $/hr
Bus 3 10.00 $/MWh
180 MW
0 MW
60 MW 12.00 $/MWh
100 MW 120 MW
80% 100%
0 MW
80 MW
80% 100% 100 MW
Total Cost 80 MW
1921 $/hr
Bus 3 14.01 $/MWh
180 MW
0 MW
https://www.misoenergy.org/LMPContourMap/MISO_All.html