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  • Title: Simple Pendulum: Name: Shreya Kanwar

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    Shreya Rathore
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    The document describes an experiment to verify the relationship between the period of a simple pendulum and its length. It provides background on simple pendulums and lists the factors that affect period. The objective is stated as verifying the equation T=2π√(l/g). The required apparatus, procedure, observations, and results are outlined. The relationship between length and period is confirmed.

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    The document describes an experiment to verify the relationship between the period of a simple pendulum and its length. It provides background on simple pendulums and lists the factors that affect period. The objective is stated as verifying the equation T=2π√(l/g). The required apparatus, procedure, observations, and results are outlined. The relationship between length and period is confirmed.

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    94 views19 pages

    Title: Simple Pendulum: Name: Shreya Kanwar

    Uploaded by

    Shreya Rathore
    The document describes an experiment to verify the relationship between the period of a simple pendulum and its length. It provides background on simple pendulums and lists the factors that affect period. The objective is stated as verifying the equation T=2π√(l/g). The required apparatus, procedure, observations, and results are outlined. The relationship between length and period is confirmed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 19

    6ME10A : MECHANICAL

    VIBRATION ENGINEERING LAB

    Title : Simple Pendulum

    Name : Shreya kanwar


    Durga kasturi
    Rashmi malav
    Session : 2016 -20

    Guided By :
    Mr. Balram Choudhary
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    GOVERNMENT WOMEN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, AJMER
    SIMPLE PENDULUM

    • A string with a mass at the end which is free to swing is called


    a pendulum.
    • An ideal pendulum consisting of a point mass suspended by a
    weightless inextensible perfectly flexible thread and free to
    vibrate without friction.
    SIMPLE PENDULUM
    FACTORS OF SIMPLE PENDULUM

    • Length
    • Mass of the bob
    • Oscillation
    • Equilibrium position
    • Period
    • Frequency
    To Verify the relation T =2π√(L/g) for a Simple
    Pendulum.
    • Consider the bob at the position B during its vibratory motion as
    shown in figure. Let ‘m’ be the mass of the bob and x be the
    displacement of the bob from the mean position at position B.
    There are two forces are acting on the bob at this position.
     Weight mg of the bob acting vertically downward.
     Tension T of the string acting along the direction of the string.
    • The weight mg of the bob can be resolved into two rectangular
    components:
     mg cosθ=component of weight along the string
     mg sinθ=component of the weight perpendicular to the string.
    • As there is no motion of the bob in the direction of the string,
    the component mg cosθ balances the tension in the string. So:
    T = mg cosθ ……………(1
    Continue …
    • So these two cancel each other. Therefore, the component
    mg sinθ is responsible for the motion of the bob which
    brings the bob back towards its mean position. Thus mg
    sinθ represents restoring force. So:
    F =-mg sinθ …………….(2)
    according to Newton’s second law of motion:
    F =ma ……………………(3)
    ma = -mg sinθ
    ma + mg sinθ = 0
    m Ẍ + mg sinθ
    Ẍ + g x/L = 0 (sinθ = x/L )
    ωn = √g/L
    T = 2π/ωn
    T = 2π√L/g
    fn = 1/T
    Experiment
    • OBJECTIVE:
    To verify the relation of simple pendulum
    T = 2π √l/g
    Where T = periodic time in sec, l = length of pendulum in
    cm.
    • APPARATUS REQUIRED:
    Retort stand, Pendulum Bob, Wireless String, Metre Rule,
    Stop watch.
    • DESCRITION:
    For conduction the experiment, a ball is supported by nylon
    thread into a chuck. It is possible to change the length of
    pendulum. This makes it possible to study the effect of
    variation of length on periodic time. A small ball may be
    substituted by large ball to illustrate that period of
    oscillating is independent of the mass of ball.
    Continue …
    • THEROY:
    A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging at the end of
    a string of length L. The period of a pendulum or any
    oscillatory motion is the time required for one complete cycle,
    that is, the time to go back and forth once. If the amplitude of
    motion of the swinging pendulum is small, then the pendulum
    behaves approximately as a simple harmonic oscillator, and
    the period T of the pendulum is given approximately by
    T=2π√ (l/g)
    • EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
     Attach the ball to one end of the thread.
     Allow the ball to oscillate and determine the periodic time T
    by knowing time for say 10 oscillations.
     Repeat the experiment by changing the length
     Complete the observation table given below.
    Continue …
    Continue …
    • STANDARD DATA:
    Acceleration due to Gravity, g =9.81m/s2
    Formulae:
     Time period, Tactual =t/n sec.
     Time period, Ttheo. = 2π√ sec.
    Where, T = time taken by ‘n’ oscillations, L = length of the
    pendulum.
    • OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION TABLE:
    Sr. no. L cm No . Of Time for n T sec T sec
    osc. n osc. t sec (act.) t/n (theo.)
    1

    2
    Continue …

    • PRECAUTION:
     The bob of the pendulum is displaced with a small angle.
     The amplitude of the oscillation of a simple pendulum is
    small.
     The simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane only.
     Switch off the fan to reduce the air resistance.

    • CONCLUSION:
     The length of simple pendulum is directly proportional to
    the square of the period of oscillation.

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