CONTEMPORARY

GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
Members: Alima, Amistad, Baring,
Burgos, Bustamante
 OBJECTIVES:
• Identify the roles and functions of the
United Nations.
• Identify the challenges of global
governance in the twenty-first century
• Explain the relevance of the state
amid globalization
INTRODUCTION
Global Governance How is this Possible?
There is no global
government yet Global Governance – “The sum of law,
orderly cross border norms, policies, and institutions that
activities happen define, constitute, mediate transborder
every day. relations between states, cultures,
citizens, intergovernmental and non-
governmental organizations, and the
market”

There is no identifiable center, but

United Nations (UN) is the closest
thing.
UNITED NATIONS (UN)
• Directly or indirectly involved in humanitarian
aid around the world.
• Has shown capacity for policy innovation,
institutional adaptation, and organizational
learning.
• Policy innovation – peacekeeping with simple
operations to complex humanitarian
emergencies.
• Institutional Adaptation – addition of
department of peacekeeping operations
(DPKO) and peacebuilding commission.
• Organizational learning – The Brahimi
Report of 2000. (a report on peacekeeping)
Current State
• Values and institution of
multilateralism are neither optimally
effective not legitimate.
• Due to factors such as distribution of
power and systematic factors (nature
of state, nature of power, etc.)
• UN must adapt their policies to be
able to tackle current challenges to
become optimally effective
Global Governance, the Idea
• Governance – the rules and norms to
ensure order (Social norms + formal
authority)
• Global Governance – rules based order
• Weak organizational structure
• Little enforcement
• Weak governance makes the governed
question legitimacy and little enforcement
causes disobedience to authority.
• Global governance came from
“world order studies”, which failed
to see different factors in
international relations. One of the
being non-state actors.

• Non-state actors
• Civil society and market
• Caused an emergence in the global
market
• Play active roles in shaping laws as
advocates and activists.
An Unfinished
Journey
• The story of global governance remains an unfinished
journey.

• The UN provides and manages the framework for

bringing together the world’s leaders to tackle the
problems of the day of survival, development and welfare
of the people, everywhere.

• Multilateralism is under unprecedented challenge from

arms control to climate change, international criminal
justice and the use of military force overseas.

• Today’s world is governed by an indistinct patchwork of

authority that is as diffuse as it is contingent.
• Coordination and Cooperation is problematic because
of decentralized and informal, largely self-regulated
groupings.
Example: the UN system and IGO’s that both support
global governance are inadequately resourced, not
vested with the require policy authority, and resource
mobilizing capacity and sometimes incoherent in their
separate policies and philosophies.
• A messy, untidy and incoherent framework is no
good. There is no guarantee that the supply of global
public goods will follow the ever growing demand.
• Better and more effective global governance will not
simply materialize; agency is essential.
• According to Harold Jacobson, he
pictured the humanity combining
into larger and stable units for the
purpose of governance, first is
family, the tribe, then the City-
State and then the nation. A
process which presumably would
eventually culminate in the entire
world being combined in one
political unit. • Our immediate aim:
- is to understand the contemporary
nature of efforts
- to help enhance order in
international relations
- to improve ‘framework of rules,
institutions and practices that set
limits and give incentives for the
behaviour of individuals,
organizations and
firms’(UNDP,1999:8)
• The goal is a stable peaceful, prosperous and well-
ordered international society.
• How can we improve the provision of essential
global public goods in an anarchical society?
• How do we develop the capacity to get things done?
• According to (Young,1994:30), ‘it must channel
behaviour in such a way as to eliminate or
substantially ameliorate the problem that led to its
creation’.
• Even without a world government there is much
more room for initiatives from governments and
groups in power.
• Better incentives and initiatives from states,
secretariats and civil society in better governance for
the planet. (Weiss, Carayannis and Jolly, 2009).
GLOBALIZATION
The primary dimension of
globalization concerns
• the expansion of economic
activities across state boarders
• the growing volume and variety of
cross border flows of finance
• investment
• goods and services
• ideas
• information
• legal systems
• organizations and people
• the rapid and widespread diffusion
of technology and cultural
changes
• Desirable and irreversible
engine of growth that underpin
growing prosperity and higher
standards of living.
• Many argue that globalization
has been occurring since the
earliest trade expeditions (ex.
Silk Road)
Silk Road Trade:
• The Silk Road was an ancient network
of trade routes, formally established
during the Han Dynasty of China,
which linked the regions of the ancient
world in commerce between 130 BCE-
1453 CE.
• The European explorer Marco
Polo (1254-1324 CE) traveled on these
routes.
• Both terms for this network of roads
were coined by the German
geographer and traveler, Ferdinand
von Richthofen, in 1877 CE.
• Polo, and later von Richthofen, make
mention of the goods which were
transported back and forth on the Silk
Road.
• Others suggest that the current era of
globalization is unique in the rapidity of
its spread and the intensity of the
interactions in real time (Hirst and
Thompson, 1996).
• Few clarifications are required:
• Even in globalizing era, movement of
people remains restricted and strictly
regulated and in the aftermath of
9/11, even more so.
• Economic interdependence is highly
asymmetrical
• Compared to the post war period the
average of annual rate world growth
has steadily slowed down.
• Long before the Occupy Wall Street
movement, there was a growing
divergence, not convergence, in income
levels between countries and people, with
widening inequality among and within
nations.
• Globalization also unleashed many ‘uncivil
society’ forces like international terrorism,
drugs, people and gun trafficking, and
illicit money flows (Heine and Thakur,
2011).
• In short Globalization creates losers
as well as winners.
• Entails risk as well as providing
opportunity.
• Problems lie not in globalization
but in the ‘deficiencies of
governance’ (World Commission on
the Social Dimension of
Globalization, 2004)
A HISTORICAL
perspective
What happened in the
19th century?
• Industrial revolution paved the way for
international institutions.
Inis Claude identified 3 developments:
• Congress of Vienna – established
“diplomacy by conference” among the
European powers.
• Hague System – goal was a universal
membership system that would meet
regularly to build a peaceful world politics.
• Public int’l unions – was a manifestation of
the increasing complexity of the economic,
social, technical, and cultural
interconnections. (Ex: International
Telegraphic Union, Universal Postal Union)
Identifying & Diagnosing
Problems, The UN’s
Comparative Advantage

1.) Managing Knowledge

2.) Developing Norms
3.) Formulating Recommendations
4.) Institutionalizing Ideas
Managing Knowledge
1.) Addressing the problem  recognized
its existence

2.) Collect solid data about the nature of the

problem

New agendas were added.

Research = Universities

Task of UN: Flagging issues and keeping

them in front of reluctant governments.

How? Through Idea-mongering = world

conferences
Developing Norms
• Once the UN identified and
diagnosed the problem, the UN
helps solidify a new norm of
behavior.
• EX: HIV/AIDS = norm of safe sex

• The UN became the arena of

forum among member states.
Formulating Recommendations
• Once norms change and become
widespread, therefore, a next step is to
formulate a range of possibilities about
how governments and their citizens and
IGOs can change behavior.
• UN policy might promote awareness
about gravity and cause of HIV/AIDS,
encourage educational campaigns,
reject HIV-positive personnel in UN
operations and declare zero tolerance
of sexual exploitation by UN
peacekeepers.
• ‘we the peoples’: Civil society; the UN and global
governance-Governments alone cannot resolve
todays global problems(United nations, 2004:23)
• Multilateralism no longer concerns governments alone but is
now multifaceted, involving many constituencies; the UN
must develop new skills to service this new way of working
• It must become an outward-looking or network organization,
catalyzing the relationships needed to get strong results and
not letting the traditions of its normal processes be barriers.
• It must strengthen global governance by advocating
universality, inclusion, participation and accountability at all
levels.
• It must engage more systematically with world public opinion
to become more responsive to help shape public attitudes and
to bolster support for multilateralism
• Recommendations and proposals often wither and die.
Institutionalizing Ideas
• Virtually every problem has several
global institutions working on
significant aspects of solution.
• Intergovernmental organization can
help to facilitate joint.
• Institution can facilitate problem
solving even though they do not
possess any coercive powers.
• International regimes have been defined
as social institutions by John Ruggie.
• State of making processes have been
internationalized and often globalized.
• In our framing the creation of
institutions requires that knowledge,
normative and policy making gaps have
been at least partially filled.
• Institutions can also fill gaps and
uncover new ones.
• Judith Goldstein and Robert O. keohane- three casual
pathways by which ideas ultimately can affect policy
• Becoming road maps that point actors in the right direction
• Affecting their choices of strategies when there is no
equilibrium
• Becoming embedded in institutions
• Institutions embody ideas but
can also provide a platform from
which to challenge received
wisdom
• Once knowledge has been
acquired, norms articulate and
policies formulated.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION