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  • Diabetes: A Common Problem

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    Shafaqet Kamal
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    The document discusses diabetes, including the four main types, signs and symptoms, and ways to manage blood glucose levels through diet. It focuses on making wise carbohydrate and fat choices, such as choosing unsaturated fats over saturated and trans fats, reading food labels, and planning balanced meals with the right portions. Managing diabetes requires understanding different types of food and how to incorporate them into a healthy diet.

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    Diabetes(1)

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    The document discusses diabetes, including the four main types, signs and symptoms, and ways to manage blood glucose levels through diet. It focuses on making wise carbohydrate and fat choices, such as choosing unsaturated fats over saturated and trans fats, reading food labels, and planning balanced meals with the right portions. Managing diabetes requires understanding different types of food and how to incorporate them into a healthy diet.

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    26 views38 pages

    Diabetes: A Common Problem

    Uploaded by

    Shafaqet Kamal
    The document discusses diabetes, including the four main types, signs and symptoms, and ways to manage blood glucose levels through diet. It focuses on making wise carbohydrate and fat choices, such as choosing unsaturated fats over saturated and trans fats, reading food labels, and planning balanced meals with the right portions. Managing diabetes requires understanding different types of food and how to incorporate them into a healthy diet.

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    of 38

    DIABETES

    A COMMON PROBLEM
    Number of people with diabetes worldwide and per region in 2017 and 2045 (20-79 years)
    Prevalence (%) estimates of diabetes (20-79 years) by income group and age
    TYPES OF DIABETES
    There are four main types of diabetes:
    1. Type 1 diabetes: Your body does not make insulin. This is a problem because you need insulin to
    take the sugar (glucose) from the foods you eat and turn it into energy for your body. You need to take
    insulin every day to live.
    2. Type 2 diabetes: Your body does not make or use insulin well. You may need to take pills or insulin
    to help control your diabetes. Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes.
    3. Gestational (jest-TAY-shun-al) diabetes: Some women get this kind of diabetes when they are
    pregnant. Most of the time, it goes away after the baby is born. But even if it goes away, these women
    and their children have a greater chance of getting diabetes later in life.
    4. Prediabetes: In the US, 84.1 million adults—more than 1 in 3—have prediabetes, and 90% of them
    don’t know they have it. Prediabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher
    than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as diabetes.
    SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
    CARBOHYDRATES
    • Are an important part
    of a healthy meal plan
    • Raise blood glucose
    levels the most
    • Keeping the amount
    consistent can help you
    reach your blood
    glucose goals
    CARBOHYDRATES
    • Many meal plans include 3 to 4
    carbohydrate servings at each meal
    • Each carbohydrate serving equals 15
    grams of carbohydrate
    • Use carbohydrate tables and food
    labels to learn more about serving sizes
    CARBOHYDRATES
    Serving size (15 grams of carbohydrate)
    •Apple: 1 small •Crackers (saltines): 6
    •Bagel: ¼ large •Jelly or jam: 1 tablespoon
    •Banana: 1 small •Milk: 1 cup
    •Biscuit: 1 •Orange juice: ½ cup
    •Bread: 1 slice •Pasta (cooked): 1/3 cup
    •Cake (unfrosted): •Peas: ½ cup
    • 2-inch square •Potato, mashed: ½ cup
    •Cereal: ¾ cup •Rice: 1/3 cup
    •Corn: ½ cup •Tortilla: 1
    READING FOOD LABELS
    Nutrition Facts
    Serving Size: 1 cup (253 g) Servings per container: 2
    Amount per serving:
    Calories 260 Calories from Fat 72
    % Daily Value
    Total Fat 8g 13%
    Saturated Fat 3g 17%
    Cholesterol 130mg 44%
    Sodium 1010mg 42%
    Total Carbohydrates 22g 7%
    Dietary Fiber 9g 36%
    Sugars 4g
    Protein 25g
    CHOOSE FATS WISELY
    • Eat less total fat, especially less
    saturated fat and trans-fat. Both raise
    LDL (bad) cholesterol.
    • Choose the kinds of fats that can help
    lower your cholesterol levels:
    –Monounsaturated fats
    –Polyunsaturated fats
    –Omega-3 fatty acids
    CHOOSE FATS WISELY
    • Eat Less
    • Saturated fats
    • Trans fats
    • Cholesterol

    • Many are “hard” or solid at room


    temperature
    SOURCES OF SATURATED FAT
    • Meats • Lard and shortening
    • Butter • Many baked goods
    • Whole milk • Tropical oils such as
    • Cream coconut and palm oils
    • Cheese
    SOURCES OF TRANS FATS
    •Many baked goods like cakes, cookies, donuts
    and muffins
    •Many snack foods
    •Many crackers
    •Stick margarines
    •French fries cooked in hydrogenated oils

    •Trans fat information is required on food labels


    as of January 2006
    CHOOSE FATS WISELY
    • Eat More
    • Monounsaturated fats
    • Polyunsaturated fats
    • Omega-3 fatty acids
    SOURCES OF
    MONOUNSATURATED FAT
    • Canola oil
    • Nuts like almonds, cashews, pecans and
    peanuts
    • Olive oil and olives
    • Peanut butter and peanut oil
    • Sesame seeds
    • Avocado
    SOURCES OF POLYUNSATURATED FAT
    • Corn oil • Walnuts
    • Cottonseed oil • Pumpkin or sunflower
    • Safflower oil seeds
    • Soybean oil • Soft (tub) margarine
    • Sunflower oil • Low-fat mayonnaise
    SOURCES OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
    •Salmon
    • sardine
    •Flaxseed
    •Walnuts
    COOK WITH LESS FAT
    • Use a low-fat or fat-free way to cook.
    • Choose lean cuts of beef, pork and
    skinless poultry.
    • Choose low-fat dairy products.
    • Substitute lower-fat items in your
    recipes.
    WISE FOOD CHOICES
    PLANNING HEALTHY MEALS
    • Rate Your Plate Goal:
    • ¼ is carbohydrate
    • ¼ is meat or meat substitute
    • ½ is vegetables
    • May also add another
    carbohydrate such as a glass or
    milk or a slice of bread
    SAMPLE MEAL PLAN FOR DIABETES

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