The document provides guidance on various first aid procedures and treatments for common injuries and illnesses. It discusses assessing risk, reassuring casualties, treating fever, bruises, lacerations, sprains, asthma attacks, bleeding, burns, diarrhea, anxiety, and hyperventilation. It also covers recording treatments, emergency actions, transportation methods, and relieving pain with medications. The overall document aims to equip readers with basic first aid knowledge and skills to provide initial care.
The document provides guidance on various first aid procedures and treatments for common injuries and illnesses. It discusses assessing risk, reassuring casualties, treating fever, bruises, lacerations, sprains, asthma attacks, bleeding, burns, diarrhea, anxiety, and hyperventilation. It also covers recording treatments, emergency actions, transportation methods, and relieving pain with medications. The overall document aims to equip readers with basic first aid knowledge and skills to provide initial care.
The document provides guidance on various first aid procedures and treatments for common injuries and illnesses. It discusses assessing risk, reassuring casualties, treating fever, bruises, lacerations, sprains, asthma attacks, bleeding, burns, diarrhea, anxiety, and hyperventilation. It also covers recording treatments, emergency actions, transportation methods, and relieving pain with medications. The overall document aims to equip readers with basic first aid knowledge and skills to provide initial care.
Being a First Aider Doing Your Best A casualty may not respond as you hoped, some conditions are inevitably fatal, even with the best medical care. Assessing Risk First do no harm, Calculated risk, Do not use treatments that are not sure about, just for the sake of doing something. Your Responsibility – Talk to casualty-reassure him and obtain information about his condition – Treat casualty-in position found, – By stander –may able to help in giving first aid Giving Care with confidence Being in control both of your own reaction & of the problem, Acting calmly &logically, Being gentle but firm, Speaking to casualty kindly but in clear& purposeful way. Building up Trust, Talking to relatives, Coping with children Looking after yourself Personal safety -Do not put yourself at risk, The fight or flight response- increase heart rate& breathing, sweating, Staying calm-remember first aid procedures.
Feelings after an accident
Satisfaction & pleasure, Confusion & doubt, Anger & sadness. – Recording first aid treatment name, address, occupation, date& time, place &circumstance of accident, details concerning& treatment given . – Actions at an Emergency Assess the situation, Make the area safe, Give emergency aid, Get help from others. Fever Oral Temperature >37.2.C, Ear drum T >37.7.C, Is a sign of disease and occurs in response to infection(mainly viral) Abrupt onset of fever with chill and rigor is a feature of some disease. Treatment Paracetamol 500mg 2 tablets 3-4x/day High fever- Tepid sponging for first 30minutes combined with Paracetamol. Adequate fluid intake /increased fluid 2-3Litre/day-frequent small drinks of light fluids/water Dress in light clothing, do not over heat with too many clothes Bruising /Abrasions/ Lacerations Bruising- (contusion) caused by a blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin, bleeding in subcutaneous or deeper tissue while leaving the skin basically intact.
Abrasions (grazes)- superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off, common with motor vehicle accident.
Lacerations - Lacerations, irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma.
Management RICE- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (large Bruises/Haematomas) Clean /remove all ground - in dirt, metal,clothing and other material(Abrasions/Lacerations) Scrub out dirt with sterile water Clean with Acraflavine solution,apply protective dressing(some wound may left open Immobilise a joint that may be affected by a deep wound( eg. Arm sling) Analgesic- Paracetamol/Ponstan Musculoskeletal Injury/Pain(PRICE) -Can apply for Sports Injury/MVA Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation Common Cold-Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (Flu) Tiredness Running nose, Sneezing • Rest Sore throat • Drink ample amount of Water Slight Fever • Stop Smoking • Steamed Inhalation-with Others—Headache, Menthol Hoarseness, Cough • Medicines-Paracetamol, cough syrup…Bena Expectorant Asthma Attack-Action Allow Casualty to use reliever(blue) inhaler -S/s-difficulty breath/speak , wheeze, grey-blue lips & skin, exhaustion Make casualty comfortable- sitting forwards & supporting upper body by leaning arms Encourage casualty to breath slowly –if attack not ease within 1-3min,encourage to take another dose inhaler to breath slowly& deeply For adults/children > 4 years old- 4 puff in every 20minutes(first hour) (One puff actuation at atime,4-5 normal breaths each time) Severe bleeding-Eg.MVA Apply pressure to wound -direct pressure to wound , pad before bandage Raise & support injured part -raise above heart Wound bandage -secure bandage firmly, check circulation Dial for Ambulance Treat for shock , monitor casualty -vital signs-level of response, pulse, breathing Examples Burns Cool Burn -pour cold liquid/water for 10mins Watch for smoke inhalation- difficult breathing Remove any constrictions-put glove, do not apply lotion, ointment, do not touch , do not remove sticks to burn Cover Burn -dressing Refer to Hospital Diarrhea • Awareness for Signs of Dehydration • Frequent passage of – Sunken eyes,dry skin, skin turger, loose/watery stools peripheral pulse, reduce Blood (lack of mineral salts and Pressure(hypotension) water inside our bodies) • Fluid Replacement – ORS, Increased fluid intake…coconut water, fruit juice, Anxiety /Hyperventilation/Panic Attack • Anxiety- worry about various life circumstances • Hyperventilation- lightheadedness, dizziness, aerophagy, hand spasm(numb), sweating, palpitation • Panic Attack (Discrete period of intense fear or discomfort) -SOB, unsteady feeling, palpitation, shaking, uncontrolled fear of doing something, +/- chest pain and numbness For Anxiety and Panic Attack: Use non-medication methods Explanation, reassurance Coping skills, stress management For Hyperventilation: breathe in and out of paper bag Stop excessive taking of coffee and smoking Carta Alir Rawatan Di Kolej
Mangsa
Ahli BSMM
Rawatan awal di tempat
kejadian Rawatan lanjut Tidak SERIUS di Bilik Rawatan Ya Masa Telefon Dr. Masa Lain Oncall Waktu Bekerja
Bawa ke Pusat Rawatan oleh Doktor
Kesihatan UKM Penggunaan Ubat-Ubatan Zellox suspension-sakit gastric,minum sebanyak 15ml( 2 -3penutup botol) x3 kali/hari, Actal/ GELUSIL tab.-sakit gastric, 2bijix3 kali/hari Panadol –sakit kepala, badan sakit, demam-500mg 2 biji x3-4 kail/hari, Ponstan 250mg-sakita kepala,badan, senggunggut dan sakit lain-con: terseliuh, 2 biji x 3 kal Ultracarbon/Eucarbon- Keracunan makanan ringan& cirit- birit, 1 bijix3 kali/hari,
ORS(Oral Rehydration Solution) - 250ml air masak/mineral bagi sebungkus,
Burnol plus cream - luka kecil, ruam,melecet dan gigitan serangga-sapukan
Flavine/Acraflavine lotion - antiseptic,luka sahaja
Calamine lotion - alergi kulit,ruam& kulit gatal
Relay Bandage • Andoh Besar •Pembalutan kulit kepala •Pembalutan mata •Pembalutan telinga •Pembalutan bahu •Pembalutan tapak tangan (melintang ) •Pembalutan untuk tulang paha patah Transportation: • Two hand seat carry • Four hand seat carry Using stretcher • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure, performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest. Now is your turn!!!