PE Training (BUILDING by JDC)
PE Training (BUILDING by JDC)
PE Training (BUILDING by JDC)
• EDGARDO C. GARCES • DANIEL A. PABLICO • ROSELYN C. NIEBRES • LEONARDO E. JARAPLASAN DPWH | Bureau of Construction
Introduction
A – MOBILIZATION,
B – EARTHWORKS
D – FOUNDATION WORKS
F – CONCRETE WORKS
G – MASONRY WORKS
H – CARPENTRY WORKS
K – ROOFING WORKS
L – FINISHES
M – PAINTING / VARNISHING
N – WATER PROOFING
O – SANITARY WORKS
P – ELECTRICAL WORKS
Q – MECHANICAL WORKS
MANPOWER MATERIALS
EQUIPMENT
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
A MOBILIZATION
structure.
1 General Requirements
1.1 Earth- Moving Equipment
2 Methodology
2.1 Construction Survey
2.2 Finding Grade Level
2.3 Setting Batterboards
BATTER BOARD
PLUMB BOB
STAKES
intersections 1/2" x 4’ x 8’
PLYWOOD BOARD
or corners at 90
degrees.
2” x 3”
BATTER BOARD
5. Verify the 2” x 2”
measure- STAKES
ment
a) in to
Center the plan.
Center,
b) Center to Outer a c
Side
c) Outer to Outer side b d
d) Inside to inside.
3 Quality Control
*For Embankment:
-Are methods to
prolong and protect
wood products and
structures from termite
infestation UPPER LOCATION:
WOOD PRESERVATION
Soil poisoning
A process wherein the soil is
treated with chemical
solutions to control and
prevent the entry of termite
into the structure
Wood preservation
a process wherein the wood
is also treated with chemical LOWER LOCATION :
SOIL POISONING
solution and are applied
directly either external or DPWH | Bureau of Construction
C TERMITE CONTROL & WOOD PRESERVATION
1 General Requirements
1.1 All labor, materials and equipment to be
used in the completion of the job shall be
furnished by the pest control provider.
2 Treatment Procedures
2.1 Pre-Construction Treatment
2.1a Soil Treatment
2 Treatment Procedures
2 Treatment Procedures
2.2 Post- Construction Treatment
Cordoning Method
- When there is no visible
evidence
of termite infestation
Drenching Method
- When the soil shows termite
infestation
2 Treatment Procedures
2.2 Post- Construction Treatment
2 Treatment Procedures
2.3a Pressure Treatment Method
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
1 General Requirements
Considerations:
1. Check the foundation base or soil condition
if it complies with the boring data.
2. Check the depth if it complies with plans.
3. Check alignment and distances.
4. No footing shall rest on fill.
5. All footings and tie beams shall rest on a
well compacted gravel bed
6. Back fill shall be place in layers at 200mm
thk. and shall be compacted to 95%
Maximum Dry Density.
Strip foundation
3 Quality Control
3.1 Pile integrity test
1 General Requirements
1.1 Formworks and Scaffoldings
1.2 Steel Reinforcement
1.3 Cement
1.4 Aggregates
1.5 Water
1.6 Admixture
1.7 Storage of Materials
1 Methods
FORMWORKS AND SCAFFOLDINGS
1. Formworks Construction
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENTS
Steel is considered as an excellent partner of
concrete in resisting tension and compression. The
design of reinforced concrete assumes that concrete
and steel acts together in carrying load in the state
1.of) simultaneous
Bar splicing deformation.
a. Tension Bar
b. Compression Bar
2. ) Bar Spacing
- shall not be less than the normal diameter of the bars
or
40 mm for column, or as specified in the structural
design notes.
a. ) Standard
4. Details Hooks
of Reinforcement
• 180 deg. Bend plus 4 bar diameter extension,
but not less
than 65 mm at free end of bar.
• 90 deg. Bend plus 12 bar diameter extension at
free end
of bar.
•For stirrup and tie hooks
A. 16mm bar and smaller, 90 deg. Bend plus
6 bar
diameter at free of bar or
B. 20mm and 25mm bar, 90 deg. Bend plus
12 bar
diameter extension at free end of bar or
C. 25mm bar and smaller, 135 deg. Bend plus
6 bar
diameter at free end of bar, or
D. As specified in the structural design notes
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
F CONCRETE WORKS
6. Bending
1. All reinforcements shall be bent cold, unless otherwise
permitted by the Engineer.
2. Storage of Materials
Cement and aggregates shall be stored in such a
manner as to prevent their deterioration or the intrusion
of foreign matter. Cement shall be stored, immediately
upon arrival on the site of the work, in substantial,
waterproof bodegas. The floor must be sufficiently
elevated to deter dampness. Aggregates shall be stored
separately from other foreign materials.
Buckets or Hoppers
Manual or Motor
Propelled Buggies
Pipes
Conveyor Belt
Concrete Pump
Drop
Chute
Maximu
m Drop
Height
1.50 meter
or less
PROPER IMPROPER
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
F CONCRETE WORKS
b. Slab
c. Wall
F CONCRETE WORKS
5. Compaction of Concrete
7. Curing of Concrete
All newly placed concrete shall be cured in
accordance with this Specification unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer. The types of
curing methods are the following:
1. Water Method
2. Curing Compound
3. Waterproof Membrane Method
4. Forms-in-Place Method
2 Methods
Block laying after
the
concreting of tied
column
Concreting of
column
after block laying
of
walls
3 QualityTestControl
Minimum Requirements:
1 Requirements
Quality of Materials
All materials to be incorporated in the carpentry and
joinery works shall be of the quality specified in the
approved plans and specification. Before incorporation
in the work, all materials shall have been inspected /
accepted by the Engineer or his authorized
representative.
a. Drywall Partition
1. Vertical and horizontal alignment
2. Material specification
3. Complete installation of Electro-mechanical rough-ins
4. Rigidly connected to the flooring, walls and at the
bottom of the
ceiling frames.
5. Appropriateness of tools to be used.
Metal
Steel Stud Furring
Furring Channel
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
H CARPENTRY & JOINERY WORKS
1 Quality Control
TYPES OF WINDOWS
1. WINDOWS
A. Steel Casement Window
B. Awning Window
C. Jalousie Window
D. Sliding Aluminum Framed Window
E. Fixed Aluminum Framed Window
F. Wooden Windows
Installation
G. Others
a. Steel windows
- shall be plumb set and true in the openings. The
joints
between the window frame and masonry shall
be carefully
caulked. Windows shall be designed for glazing
from the
outside with spring wire glazing clips and glazing
putty.
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
I FABRICATED MATERIALS
Installation & HARDWARES
b. Glass Jalousie Windows
2. DOORS
A. Hollow Core Flush Door
B. Panel Door
C. PVC Door
D. Glass Door
E. Steel Door
F. Others
Material Requirements
WOODEN DOORS
1. Lumber
Lumber doors, windows jambs, and panels when required, shall
be
kiln-dried with moisture content of not less than 14% and shall
be of
the specie indicated in the Plans and/or specifications.
2. Plywood
Plywood for hollow core flush doors shall be 3-ply, rotary cut,
6mm thick
ordinary plywood or as indicated in the plans.
3. Adhesive
Adhesives shall be water resistant resins
DPWHand shallof Construction
| Bureau be non-
Construction Requirements
I FABRICATED MATERIALS & HARDWARES
Fabrication
Wooden doors, including frames, shall be fabricated in
accordance
with the designs and sizes shown in the Plans. The
fabricated products
shall be finished square, smoothly sanded and free from
damage.
Installation
1 Procedure
1. Steel frames are attached together by means of a rivet, a
bolt or by welding. Before assembly, a sample of all the steel
members shall be tested if they conform to the desired
strength specified in the plans and specifications.
3. When punching and drilling steel make sure that the hole
drilled or punched is 1.5 to 3 mm greater than the diameter
of the bolt to make it easy in inserting and bolts through it.
1 Procedure
5. When the work is completed, inspect if it is welded in
accordance with the penetration length and thickness
needed in the construction.
LENGTH OF WELD
1 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
1 Requirements
Material Requirements
Construction Requirements
A. Preparatory Works
Preparatory to the installation of the corrugated G.I.
roofings, purlins should have been placed and
B. spaced properly
Installation to fit
of Roofing the length of the roofing
Sheets
sheets. The top
Installation of of the purlins
Roofing should
sheets withbe at the
end lapssame
shall
startplane.
at
the lower part of the roof. The sheets should have
side laps
of two-and-a-half (2-1/2) corrugations. Succeeding
upper rows
of corrugated G.I. sheets shall be installed in the
same manner
until the entire roof area is covered. Screw holes
shall be
drilled using a 5 mm (13/64”) diameter bit.
Sheets should be handled carefully to prevent
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
K ROOFING WORKS
b) Valleys
Valleys shall lap at least 450 mm each way under
the roofing sheets and shall be secured to the
framework with galvanized nails. The nails are
placed below the roofing sheets. Rivets along the side
of the valley shall be fastened at every second
corrugation.
2 Methods
a. Lay-outing
In laying out the placement for
the J-Bolts, make sure that it will be
aligned near enough to the lip of
the purlin avoiding it to be drilled
when making holes. A guide
chord may be stretched out from
end to end of the purlin to
establish alignment.
b. Drilling
c. Installation
In the installation of J-Bolt, two
(2) manpower is required to
work concurrently. One will
insert the bolt through the hole
from the indoor and the other
will fasten the nut out door.
3 Minimum Control
Quality Test Requirements:
1 Requirements
CERAMIC TILES
Material Requirements
a. Glazed Tiles and Trims
b. Unglazed Tiles
c. Trims
d. Accessories
e. Cement
f. Sand
g. Lime
D. Cleaning
1 2
3
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
L FINISHES
PEBBLE WASHOUT
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials,
labor, tools and equipment required in
undertaking the proper application of pebble
washout finish as shown in the Plans and in
accordance with Specifications.
Construction
Material Requirements
Requirements
a. Pebble
b. Cement
a. Surface Preparation
c. Colored Cement
b. Application
c. Workmanship
d. Curing and Protection
1 2 3
4 5
DPWH | Bureau of Construction
L FINISHES
1. Roughen surface to
improve adhesion of
cement plaster
2. Clean surface to
receive cement plaster
4. Trowel finish
3 Quality
Minimum Control
Test Requirements:
1 Requirements
Construction
Material Requirements
Requirements
a. Paint Materials a. Surface Preparation
b. Tinting Colors b. Application
c. Concrete Neutralizer c. Mixing and Thinning
d. Silicon Water Repellant d. Storage
e. Patching Compound e. Cleaning
f. Varnish f. Workmanship
g. Lacquer g. Method of Measurement
h. Shellac h. Basis of Payment
i. Sanding Sealer
j. Glazing Putty
k. Natural Wood Paste Filler
Surface Preparation
Surface
preparation for Surface
Boards preparation for
Concrete &
Masonry Surface
Appropriate platform,
scaffolds and supports while
working on elevated areas
Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
1- Q (Quality Test) for each type for every 100 cans
(4-Liters or 20-Liters can) or fraction thereof
A. Types of Waterproofing
Cement-base Waterproofing
Liquid Waterproofing
Plumbing
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials,
tools, equipment and fixtures required as shown in
the Plans for the satisfactory performance of the
entire plumbing system including installation in
accordance with the latest edition of the
National Plumbing Code and Specifications.
Material Requirements
a. Water supply pipes and fittings
b. Approved alternate pipe and fittings
c. Septic Tank
d. Plumbing fixtures and fittings
e. Roof Drains, Downspout
Plumbing
Construction
Requirements
Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
COMMON PROBLEMS
4. Inadequate/lack of testing equipment on the project - Require the contractor to strictly follow the requirement
site. of the contract.
5. Inadequate/lack of safety measures and signboards -Conduct briefing and trained contractors personnel on
including Personal Protective the necessity of these requirement as part of the
Equipment of workers on the project site. contract.
6. Improper disposal of waste materials and debris within -Provide/set-up guidelines and procedures for immediate
the project site. implementation of the contractor.
7. Lack of the necessary permit and clearances from -Imposed sanctions if necessary.
local officials.
2. No-graduation marks -Do not allow driving of piles unless otherwise graduation is clearly
marks on the piles for accuracy of pile driving records and data.
3. Non-conformance to -Call the attention of the Project Engineer, direct rigger to have the
specified splicing splicing on a staggered basis for cluster piles.
requirements.
4. Presence of cracks -Removed and replaced.
B. CAST-IN-PLACE BORED PILES
1. Non-conformance to the required level of excavation. -Monitor and check elevation through actual measurement.
2. Improper disposal of spoils and debris. -Require the Project Engineer to immediately disposed/spread spoils
before it becomes an obstructions and delay the project.
3. Non-conformance to the required spacing of tie, stiffener bar and -Call the attention of the Project Engineer and properly adjust spacing
spacer. to meet requirements.
4. Improper curing of concrete samples. -Require the Materials Engineer to thoroughly check and supervise
the curing and handling of samples as this was critical in the
determination of the actual strength of concrete.
COMMON PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/ REMEDIAL MEASURES
C.CONCRETE
1. Concrete structure failed to meet the strength requirements as per - Conduct investigation and in-place testing to determine actual
concrete sample specimens. strength.
- If structure failed to meet strength requirement through in-place
testing, refer to Structural Engineer/ Designer to assess extent of
remedial and corrective works.
2. Appearance of hairline cracks - Chipped off concrete to determine extent of cracks.
- Apply concrete epoxy.
3. Appearance of honeycomb or spalling - Chipped off concrete to removed honeycomb portion.
- Apply concrete epoxy prior to re-concreting.
4. Sagging or bulging of concrete. - Provide additional shoring and bracing if concreting is still on
going.
- For minor sagging or bulging removed affected portion and plaster.
- For major bulging, removed and replaced if necessary.
5. Non-conformance to finishing/ plastering requirement. - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
adjustments.
- Removed and replaced plastering works if necessary.
6. Improper curing -Call the attention of the Materials Engineer to make the
necessary adjustment to conform to standard requirements.
COMMON PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/ REMEDIAL MEASURES
VII. MASONRY WORKS
1. Non-conformance to the required strength for both non-load - Non-load bearing, 500 psi and load bearing at 800 psi.
bearing and load bearing CHB. - Removed and replaced all CHB that does not conform to the
strength requirements.
- Conduct visual inspection and field testing.
2. Non-provision of lintel beam and stiffener column. - Chipped off laid CHB and install stiffener columns.
- Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
adjustment.
- Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
3. Non-conformance to the vertical and horizontal dowel. - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
adjustments.
- Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
VIII. CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORKS
1. Undersize lumber and plywood. - Require the Project Engineer to removed and replaced all
undersize materials.
2. Non-conformance with the required spacing for ceiling joist, - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
nailers, vertical studs and horizontal studs. adjustments.
3. Non-conformance to the required species of lumber. - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
adjustments.
- Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
IX. FABRICATED MATERIALS AND HARDWARE
A. DOORS
1. Doors are not well fitted to the door frames. - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
2. Door accessories and other hardwares items were installed adjustment.
not according to schedule. - Conduct frequent inspection and verification to monitor
B. WINDOWS fabrication prior to installation.
1. Windows are not well fitted to the window frames. - Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
2. Window accessories and other hardwares item were
installed not according to schedule.
3. Installed doors and windows were not in accordance with
specifications. DPWH | Bureau of Construction
COMMON PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/REMEDIAL MEASURES
X. ROOF FRAMING WORKS
A. STEEL FRAMING
1. Use of corroded structural elements. - Conduct visual inspection, verification and monitoring of
2. Undersize structural steel elements. fabrication prior to installation and erection of steel
3. Non-conformance to the required spacing of purlins trusses to ensure compliance to materials and
and trusses. specifications.
4. Insufficient welding at critical joint. - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
adjustment on the materials and workmanship.
- Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
B. TIMBER TRUSSES
1. Use of low quality, untreated timber materials. - Conduct visual inspection, verification and monitoring of
2. Undersize timber materials. fabrication prior to installation of wooden trusses
3. Non-conformance to the required spacing of purlins including bolts, nuts and nails to ensure compliance to
and trusses. materials and specifications.
- Require Project engineer to make the necessary
adjustment on the materials and workmanship of the
structure.
- Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
XI. ROOFING WORKS
1. Non-conformance to the required gauge and length. - Removed and replaced.
2. Non-conformance to the specified overlapping( end - Conduct inspection and monitoring to ensure
lap, side lap ). compliance with the plans and specifications.
3. Non-conformance to the approved method of fastening - Require the Project Engineer to make the necessary
and joining. adjustment on the workmanship.
1. Occurrence of leaks. - Conduct further leak test, provide silicon sealant.
2. Non-conformance to the approved material - Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
requirements such as downspouts, gutter, flashing and
ridge roll. DPWH | Bureau of Construction
COMMON PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/ REMEDIAL MEASURES
XII. FINISHES
ITEM 1018- CERAMIC TILES
1. Occurrence of cracks on the materials. - Conduct inspection, verification and monitoring of the
2. Uneven laying of tiles. materials and methods of installation to ensure compliance
ITEM 1019- WOOD TILES to specifications.
1. Non-conformance to the design lay-out. - Require/instruct the Project Engineer to make the necessary
2. Uneven laying of tiles. adjustment to the materials and workmanship.
ITEM 1021- CEMENT FLOOR FINISH - Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
1. Uneven surface. - Defer payment of accomplishment until contractor complied
2. Presence of temperature cracks. with requirements.
3. Weak mixture of fine and course aggregate.
ITEM 1026- PEBBLE WASHOUT FINISH
1. Uneven surface
2. Pebbles are not uniformly distributed.
3. Presence of temperature cracks.
XIII. PAINTING/VARNISHING
ITEM 1032- PAINTING/VARNISHING
1. Non-application of surface neutralizer. - Conduct inspection, verification and monitoring of painting
2. Non-conformance to the number of coat/application of materials to ensure conformance to specifications.
paint. - Require/instruct the Project Engineer to make the necessary
3. Occurrence of feeling-off of paint. adjustment to conform with the specifications.
4. Non-conformance to the approved brand and - Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
specifications of paint. - Defer payment of accomplishment until the contractor
complied with the requirements.
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
II. EARTHWORKS
ITEM 800-CLEARING AND GRUBBING
ITEM 801-REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES
-Verify plan if the structure to be
AND OBSTRUCTIONS
constructed will be directly affected
1. Presence of underground utilities
by the underground utilities.
such as power lines, PLDT, existing
MWSS lines.
-Report/coordinate to proper authorities
for removal and or relocation.
2. Presence of underneath existing
structure such as existing footing
foundation. -Check construction schedule and prepare
necessary adjustment in the contract
3.Cut-off elevation not clearly duration or prepare revised PERT/CPM
established. incorporating said encountered problem.
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
ITEM 804- EMBANKMENT -Conduct visual inspection to determine
1. Presence of unsuitable materials. actual classification of soil, recommend
removal and disposal of unsuitable
materials and replaced with suitable
materials in accordance with
specifications.
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PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/
REMEDIAL MEASURES
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PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/
REMEDIAL MEASURES
IV. FOUNDATION WORKS
A. PRE-STRESSED, PRECAST CONCRETE
PILES
1. Non-conformance to the required -Hold delivery and casting, conduct
length, width, thickness and/or inspection and make the necessary
diameter. adjustments.
2. No-graduation marks -Do not allow driving of piles unless
otherwise graduation is clearly marks
on the piles for accuracy of pile
driving records and data.
3. Non-conformance to specified splicing -Call the attention of the Project
requirements. Engineer, direct rigger to have the
splicing on a staggered basis for
cluster piles.
4. Presence of cracks -Removed and replaced.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS REMEDIAL MEASURES
B. CAST-IN-PLACE BORED PILES
1. Non-conformance to the required level -Monitor and check elevation through
of excavation. actual measurements.
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS REMEDIAL MEASURES
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PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/
REMEDIAL MEASURES
VI. CONCRETE WORKS
A. FORMWORKS -Use only on minor works and not as support
1. Formworks has loose knots, splits, cracks and to major structures.
other defects. -Removed and replaced if necessary.
2. Plywood forms not coated with mould oil. -Instruct Project Engineer not to install unless
otherwise coated with mould oil.
-If allowed to install, use only once.
3. Unaligned formworks/non-conformance to -Immediately call the attention of the Project
require concrete cover. Engineer, don’t allow pouring unless
correction had been made as this may affect
the entire structures.
4. Formworks are inadequately supported and -Instruct Project Engineer to make the
braced. necessary installation of additional braces
and support, never allow pouring as this
was dangerous.
5. Premature stripping and shore removal. -Immediately call the attention of the Project
Engineer, reinstall shoring and Bracing as this
was dangerous to both the workers and
to the structures.
6. No provision of clean-out/opening at the -Instruct Project Engineer to make the
bottom of column and wall formworks. necessary corrections.
7. Insufficient concrete/steel spacer for slabs
and beams.
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/
REMEDIAL MEASURES
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENTS
1. Use of corroded and/or dirty rebars. -Conduct inspection, clean and apply rust
remover if necessary.
-Removed and replaced if necessary.
-Elevate stockpile of rebars above ground
and in rack according to sizes.
2. Rebars not securely tied in place. -Require the Project Engineer to make the
3. Non-compliance with the required necessary correction and adjustment to
spacing of the stirrups. conform with the plans and specifications.
4. Unaligned rebar installation
5. No / improperly placed(irregular -Reject works if necessary.
spacing) steel dowel bars.
6. Improper splicing.
7. Non-conformance to the required
concrete cover for rebars.
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
C.CONCRETE -Conduct investigation and in-place testing to
1. Concrete structure failed to meet the determine actual strength.
strength requirements as per concrete -If structure failed to meet strength requirement
sample specimens. through in-place testing, refer to Structural
Engineer / Designer to assess extent of
corrective works.
2. Appearance of hairline cracks -Chipped off concrete to determine extent of
cracks, then apply concrete epoxy.
3. Appearance of honeycomb or spalling -Chipped off concrete to removed honeycomb
portion, then apply concrete epoxy prior to
re-concreting.
4. Sagging or bulging of concrete. -Provide additional shoring and bracing if
concreting is still on going.
-For minor sagging or bulging removed affected
portion and plaster.
-For major bulging, removed and replaced if
necessary.
5. Non-conformance to finishing/ plastering -Require the Project Engineer to make the
requirement. necessary adjustments.
-Removed and replaced plastering works if
necessary.
6. Improper curing -Call the attention of the Materials Engineer to
make the necessary adjustment to conform to
standard requirements.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
VII. MASONRY WORKS -Non-load bearing, 500 psi and load
1. Non-conformance to the required bearing at 800 psi.
strength for both non-load bearing and -Removed and replaced all CHB that
load bearing CHB. does not conform to the standard
requirements.
-Conduct visual inspection and field
testing.
2. Non-provision of lintel beam and -Chipped off laid CHB and install
stiffener column. stiffener columns.
-Require the Project Engineer to make
the necessary adjustments.
-Reject / removed and replaced if
necessary.
3. Non-conformance to the vertical and -Require the Project Engineer to make
horizontal dowel. the necessary adjustments.
-Reject / removed and replaced if
necessary.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
VIII. CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORKS
1. Undersize lumber and plywood. -Require the Project Engineer to
removed and replaced all undersize
materials.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
IX. FABRICATED MATERIALS AND HARDWARE
A. DOORS
-Require the Project to make the
1. Doors are not well fitted to the door
necessary adjustments.
frames.
2. Door accessories and other hardwares
items were installed not according to -Conduct frequent inspection and
schedule. verification to monitor fabrication
B. WINDOWS prior to installations.
1. Windows are not well fitted to the
window frames.
2. Window accessories and other -Reject / removed and replaced if
hardwares item were installed not necessary.
according to schedule.
3. Installed doors and windows were not
in accordance with specifications.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
X. ROOF FRAMING WORKS
A. STEEL FRAMING -Conduct visual inspection, verification and
1. Use of corroded structural elements. monitoring of fabrication prior to installation
2. Undersize structural steel elements. and erection of steel trusses to ensure
3. Non-conformance to the required spacing of compliance to materials and specifications.
purlins and trusses. -Require the Project Engineer to make the
4. Insufficient welding at critical joint. necessary adjustment on the materials and
workmanship.
-Reject / removed and replaced if necessary.
B. TIMBER TRUSSES -Conduct visual inspection, verification and
1. Use of low quality, untreated timber monitoring of fabrication prior to installation
materials. of wooden trusses including bolts, nuts and
2. Undersize timber materials. nails to ensure compliance to materials and
3. Non-conformance to the required spacing of specifications.
purlins and trusses. -Require the Project Engineer to make the
necessary adjustment on the materials and
workmanship of the structure.
-Reject/removed and replaced if necessary.
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CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
XII. FINISHES
ITEM 1018- CERAMIC TILES
1. Occurrence of cracks on the -Conduct inspection, verification and
materials. monitoring of the materials and
2. Uneven laying of tiles. methods of installation to ensure
ITEM 1019- WOOD TILES compliance to specifications.
1. Non-conformance to the design lay-
out. -Require/instruct the Project Engineer
2. Uneven laying of tiles. to make the necessary adjustment to
ITEM 1021- CEMENT FLOOR FINISH the materials and workmanship.
1. Uneven surface.
2. Presence of temperature cracks. -Reject / removed and replaced if
3. Weak mixture of fine and course necessary.
aggregate.
ITEM 1026- PEBBLE WASHOUT FINISH -Defer payment of accomplishment
1. Uneven surface until contractor complied with
2. Pebbles are not uniformly distributed. requirements.
3. Presence of temperature cracks.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
XIII. PAINTING/VARNISHING
ITEM 1032- PAINTING/VARNISHING
1. Non-application of surface neutralizer. -Conduct inspection, verification and
2. Non-conformance to the number of monitoring of painting materials to
coat/application of paint. ensure conformance to specifications.
3. Occurrence of feeling-off of paint. -Require / instruct the Project Engr.
4. Non-conformance to the approved to make the necessary adjustment to
brand and specifications of paint. conform with the specifications.
-Reject / removed and replaced if
necessary.
-Defer payment of accomplishment
until contractor complied with the
requirements.
NVPILAR 2011
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS CORRECTIVE ACTION/
REMEDIAL MEASURES
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
XV. SANITARY WORKS
A. ITEM 1002- PLUMBING
1. Clogged pipes -Conduct visual inspection,
2. Pipes, fixtures and other sanitary verification and monitoring of the
accessories were installed not in installation of pipes to ensure
accordance with the plans, e.g. slope, compliance to specifications.
alignment. -Require Project Engineer to make the
3. Failure to pass the leak test. the necessary adjustment on sanitary
works.
-Require the contractor to rectify
defective works and conduct another
test until such time that it passes the
requirements.
-Reject / removed and replaced
defective works if necessary.
-Defer payment of accomplishment
until the contractor complied with
the requirements.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
B. PIPES CULVERT AND STORM DRAIN
-Reject / removed and replaced defective
1. Appearance of cracks on the materials.
materials.
2. Inadequate collaring of reinforced concrete.
-Conduct visual inspection, verification and
3. Inadequate bedding materials.
monitoring of the installation of pipes, culvert
4. Non-conformance to the required tolerance
and storm drain to ensure compliance to
for elevation, slope and alignment.
specifications.
-Require the contractor to rectify defective
works.
-Require the Project Engineer to make the
necessary adjustments to conform with
specifications.
-Reject work / removed and replaced if
necessary.
C. MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCH BASIN -Require the contractor to rectify the defective
1. Non-conformance to the required tolerances works.
for elevations and dimensions. -Conduct visual inspection, verification and
2. Covers and gratings are not well fitted with monitoring to ensure compliance to
the opening of manholes and catch basin. specifications.
-Require the Project Engineer to make the
necessary adjustments to conform with
specifications.
-Defer payment of accomplishment until the
contractor complied with the requirements.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
XVI. ELECTRICAL WORKS
1. Pipes not properly installed and laid as per -Reject / removed and replaced defective
plan and schedule. materials.
2. Pipes, hangers, boxes, cable trays not -Conduct visual inspections ,verifications and
properly installed and painted. and monitoring of the installations of
3. Sharp edges of pipes not removed. electrical pipes, fixtures and accessories to
4. Over crowded wires in pipes. ensure compliance to specifications.
5. Inadequate and under gauge of pull boxes. -Require contractor to rectify defective works
6. Non-provisions of black-out and sleeves. and conduct another test until such time that
7. Pipes not properly bended. it passes the requirements.
8. Lighting fixtures, panelboard, circuit -Require the Project Engineer to make the
breakers, etc. not properly installed. necessary adjustments to conform with
9. Failure to meager test and load test. specifications.
-Reject work / removed and replaced if
necessary.
-Defer payment of accomplishment until the
contractor complied with the requirements.
NVPILAR 2011
CORRECTIVE ACTION/
PROBLEMS/COMMON DEFECTS
REMEDIAL MEASURES
NVPILAR 2011