Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biocultural and SOcial Evolution
Biocultural and SOcial Evolution
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Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
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Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Artifactual Evidence
are the only source of knowledge in
understanding the lifestyle and the
developments that occurred in each
transitional stage of human evolution
Give example…
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
http://www.top10l
istland.com/top-
10-stone-age- http://ancient-history-to-
inventions/ 1800.blogspot.com/2010/10/old-stone-
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human-evolution-541215023#fullscale-replica-of-the-skull-
belonging-to-lucy-the-32-member-of-picture-id94625630
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characteristics%2Flanguage-
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Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
A cave discovered in
South Africa filled with
carbonized leaves and
grasses made
archaeologists believe
that cooking food was
practiced among early https://www.pinterest.com/patricecapps/type
humans. s-of-fossilization/
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
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Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Cultural Evolution of Man
Paleolithic period
• first phase of the Stone Age
• started the creation and use of
crude stone tools which are the
most primitive among the three
periods.
• derived from the Greek
words palaios (old)
http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/32 and lithos (stone) to collectively
026/the-best-pictures-of-stone-age-
hunters/ mean "old stone age."
Cultural Evolution of Man
Paleolithic period
• The early humans who existed during
this period showed their skills with fire
and stones that changed their diet and
food consumption.
• Hunting and fishing were the primary
activities of the early humans during the
Paleolithic period.
• They also had their religious rituals
based on nature and developed their
https://historiamolim6000.wor
dpress.com/tag/paleolithic- own language based on sounds and
age/ hand signals.
Cultural Evolution of Man
periods.
• derived from the Greek
words mesos (middle)
and lithos (stone) that
collectively mean "middle stone
age."
Cultural Evolution of Man
Mesolithic period
• Early humans during this period
gradually domesticated plants and
animals.
• They also started to form their own
settlements and communities.
• Hunting, fishing, and food gathering
were the primary activities of the
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=
early humans.
s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiEpcT-
uvbVAhWClJQKHZsgA2IQjxwIAw&url=http%3A%2F%2
• They also started to use microliths or
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age.awp&psig=AFQjCNFu2CF7eKZvw2ORwwssh5xaC_
smaller and more delicate stone
qNyA&ust=1503890487557250
tools.
Cultural Evolution of Man
Neolithic period
• the last phase of the
Stone Age
• derived from the Ancient
Greek words neos (new)
and lithos (stone) that
collective translates to
"new stone age."
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/43727144504
7333782/
Cultural Evolution of Man
Neolithic period
• modern humans started to exist.
• they became food producers and
introduced the concept of farming
• became herders from being hunters
• crafted better stone tools and
invented the axe.
• Pots and jars were evident
• formed their permanent homes and
started to have their own tribes and
villages. http://emiyosiki.hatenablog.com/entry/20
121218/1355822558
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
• The transition period
from being nomadic
to a newly found
lifestyle when
human started to
domesticate animals
and crops and form
a human civilization. https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwj4pYngvfbV
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Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
From hunter-gatherers or
nomads, people became farmers
through domestication, the
process of increasing human
control in breeding animals or
plants to regulate certain traits
that will make them useful for
http://schools.yrdsb.ca/markville.ss/projects/class
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other human needs.
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
1. Sociopolitical Development
2. Economic Development
3. Biological Development
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Sociopolitical Development
• The Neolithic revolution paved the way for the creation of
civilization through permanent settlements dictated by reliable
food supply.
• Development in domestication techniques and practices allow
for a more complex society and the possibility for
urbanization.
• With the emergence of towns and cities came the birth of
trade and marketplaces. This led to the economy and a
hierarchical society with public leaders and castes.
• A form of social stratification was developed. This created the
idea of inequality and ideas of social power and influence
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Economic Development
• Because of the domestication of
crops and animals, abundant
supplies of food and resources
were maintained.
• A selective breeding process of
plants and animals that would
allow for the development of new
species was introduced.
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Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Biological Development
• There was increase in lifespan
and human population across
civilizations.
• People learned to play
different social roles apart
from being farmers (e.g.
craftsman, priest, leader).
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Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
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Socio-Political Evolution of Man: Early Civilizations and the Rise of
States
The Development of States
Historians believe that these developments occurred because of
trades among different regions. The early civilizations would have
had some form of writing to document or record traces of their
products and deals.
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com/scene/70291832
5952315393
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
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Socio-Political Evolution of Man: Early Civilizations and the Rise of
States
Implications of the Rise of Civilizations
and States
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Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
The Significance of Artifacts
• Artifacts have significant contributions in
interpreting social, cultural, political, and
economic processes that occurred in the past.
• Their existence proves and describes these
aspects thoroughly.
• The discovery of artifacts and the
understanding of various processes have
provided a stable foundation for the
socioeconomic, political, and cultural growth
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-3361241/UNESCO-museums-warn-
extremist-threat-Libya-artifacts.html that humans have come to recognize today.
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Examples of How artifacts impacted
various processes
1. Economic
The discovery of ancient cuneiform
writing lead archeologists to
discover that it was primarily
developed to create a long-
distance communication method
for trade and to account income https://www.google.com.ph/search?hl=en&biw=1088&
bih=490&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=ancient+cuneiform+tablet
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4. Social
In West Asia, around 4,000 years
ago, nose piercing was considered
a status symbol wherein the size of
the ring depicted a family’s wealth.
Those who had bigger nose rings
were considered wealthier
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Importance of Artifact Preservation
1. Artifacts are irreplaceable. Artifacts, being
made hundreds, even thousands of years
ago, are very delicate objects that cannot be
replaced by any available material in the
present time.
2. Artifacts are keys to understanding the
past. Practices that occurred in the past
would not have been known if not for the
discovery of artifacts.
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Importance of Artifact Preservation
3. Artifacts give people a sense of identity. Artifacts
greatly describe culture and society. They provide
people with an opportunity to further understand
their identities and heritage, as well as some
collective qualities that their culture may have.
4. The past is yet to be fully discovered. Despite the
seemingly great successes archaeologists have made
in recent years, there is still more to discover about
history. Treating artifacts like pieces of puzzles will
eventually provide a general picture of the past.
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and
Economic Processes