Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Critical Appraisal: Kelompok 1 Any Fitriyani Cecilia Felicia Chandra Fransiskus Aryo Pratomo
Critical Appraisal: Kelompok 1 Any Fitriyani Cecilia Felicia Chandra Fransiskus Aryo Pratomo
Kelompok 1
Any Fitriyani
Cecilia Felicia Chandra
Fransiskus Aryo Pratomo
Journal of educational evaluation for health
professions
Background
There has been no full analysis of the evidence available on the impact of
peer teaching with respect to medical students’ skills and knowledge. With
peer teaching becoming more and more common, it is crucial to
understanding the value of these learning activities
It is reasonable to assume that any teaching intervention will be more
effective at developing learners’ skills or knowledge than no intervention.
Therefore, the positive results of non-comparative pre- and post-studies of
peer teaching are unsurprising. Of greater interest are studies that compare
different modes of teaching and learning, in order to determine if either is
more effective
This review, therefore, intends to describe the knowledge and skills outcomes
for undergraduate medical students taught through peer teaching compared
to those taught by faculty.
Research Problem
Knowledge
Only one study reported a significant difference between peertaught and faculty-
taught students’ knowledge; favouring peer teaching. The pooled effect favours
peer-teaching, but does not reach significance [standardised mean difference
(SMD)=0.07, p=0.32].
Skills
For skills outcomes, again only one study reported significantly different outcomes
between peer-taught and faculty-taught students (again in favour of peer-
teaching). The pooled effect favoured peer teaching but again failed to reach
significance (SMD=0.11, p=0.24).
Discussion
The findings of this analysis have demonstrated that medical students, with
limited experience and training in both medicine and the art of teaching, may
function as effectively as more experienced faculty teachers.
An area of interest for future study would be the topics within undergraduate
medical curricula that are most appropriate for peer teaching.
A final topic for future debate is that of quality assuranceIt may be valuable
to take this a step further, with the introduction of senior supervision in
peertaught sessions. This may provide an anxious tutor with a “backup” for
difficult questions, and allows the associated institution to ensure appropriate
teaching practice.
Quality Assessment Tool
Health Evidence
Criteria Yes No
Q1. Did the authors have a clearly focused question [population, V
intervention (strategy), and outcome(s)]?
Q2. Were appropriate inclusion criteria used to select primary studies? V
Q3. Did the authors describe a search strategy that was comprehensive? Health Databases
Circle all strategies used: (Medline, Web of
health databases handsearching psychological databases Science, EMBASE,
key informants social science databases reference lists Cumulative Index to
educational databases unpublished other Nursing and Allied
Health, )
Educational Databases
(Education Resources
Information Centre,
British Education Index,
Australian Education
Index)
Handsearching
(Academic Medicine,
Medical Education,
Medical Teacher, The
Clinical Teacher)
V (yes)
Q4. Did search strategy cover an adequate number of years? V (10
years
from
2004-
2013)
Q5. Did the authors describe the level of evidence in the primary studies included in the Level II (8
review? RCTs and 2
Level I RCTs only Non
Level II non-randomized, cohort, case-control Randomized
Level III uncontrolled studies two group
studies)
V (yes)
Q6. Did the review assess the methodological quality of the primary studies, V
including: (5/7)
(Minimum requirement: 4/7 of the following)
Research design Study sample Participation rates
Sources of bias (confounders, respondent bias) Cochrane
Data collection (measurement of independent/dependent variables)
Follow-up/attrition rates Data analysis
Q7. Are the results of the review transparent? V
two (or more) independent reviewers assessed each included study for methodological
quality, with a method of conflict resolution identified.
Q8. Was it appropriate to combine the findings of results across studies? V
Test of homo/heterogeneity has been conducted and the corresponding model applied,
or if the individual study results have been disclosed graphically or narratively.
Data regarding students’ outcomes were synthesised using random-effects model
meta-analysis in Comprehensive Meta Analysis
Q9. Were appropriate methods used for combining or comparing results across studies? V
Weighting system has been used in determining the overall impact.
Q10. Do the data support the author’s interpretation? V
The data for the included studies supports the interpretations outlined in the review.
Quality Assessment Rating:
Strong (total score 8 – 10)
Moderate (total score 5 – 7)
Weak (total score 4 or less)
Our Group Conclusion