002.pre-Natal & Post-Natal Growth & Development of Maxilla
002.pre-Natal & Post-Natal Growth & Development of Maxilla
Post-natal
Pre-natal
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant: -
Gene is inherited usually from single parent
Statistically 1/2 of the new generation affected
Trait usually appears in every generation
E.g., Achondroplasia, Cleidocranial dysostosis,
Osteogenesis imperfecta & some forms of amelogenesis
imperfecta
Autosomal recessive: -
The abnormal gene can express itself only when it is received from
both the parents. E.g., Chondro ectodermal dysplasia, Some cases of
microcephaly, Cystic fibrosis.
Paraxial mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Formation of the intra-embryonic coelom
Forms by appearance of cavities in lateral plate
mesoderm
With the formation of intra-embryonic coelom lateral
plate mesoderm splits in to
1. Somatopleuric/parietal, intra embryonic
mesoderm (contact with ectoderm)
2. Splanchnopleuric/visceral intra embryonic
mesoderm (contact with endoderm)
Intra embryonic coelom gives rise to pericardial,
pleural & peritoneal cavities
Heart forms from splanchanopleuric mesoderm
forming floor of this part of the coelom
Folding of embryo
The Neural crest
Forms from neuro ectoderm
Migrate & differentiate extensively with in the developing
embryo
Spinal & cranial sensory ganglia, Sympathetic neurons,
Schwann cells, pigment cells & meninges
Most of the connective tissue of the head is formed
Migration is essential for development of teeth & face
All the tissues of teeth (except enamel) & its supporting
apparatus are derived directly from these cells
Treacher collins syndrome
Derivatives of germ layers & neural crest
Head formation
Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches
Separate premitive stomatodeum from the developing heart
Formed by proliferating lateral plate mesoderm sandwiched b/w
ectoderm & endoderm bilaterally
Later reinforced by neural crest cells
6 cylindrical thickenings thus form, but 5th disappears as soon as it is
formed
Separated externally by small clefts called branchial grooves
(Ectodermal clefts)
On the inner aspect of pharyngeal wall are corresponding small
depressions called pharyngeal pouches
In aquatic vertebrates both branchial grooves & pharyngeal pouches
fuse to form gill slits
Formation
Nerves & muscles of the arches
Arch Nerve of the Muscles of the arch
arch
First Mandibular Medial & lateral pterygoids, Masseter,
(Mandibular (Trigeminal) Temporalis, Mylohyoid, ant belly of
arch) V th nerve digastric,tensor tympani, tensor palati
Describe the development and congenital anomalies of hard and soft palate?
Define growth and development. Describe in detail the pre-natal and post-natal
development of mandible?
Discuss the relationship between cranial and facial growth which parameter is
easy to control?
Ossification of Mandible.
Pharyngeal pouches
Meckels cartilage.
References
1. Human embryology – 7th ed – Inderbir Singh
2. Ten cate’s Oral Histology – 6th ed – Antonio Nance
3. Orthodontics-Art & Science – 1st ed – Bhalajhi SI
4. Textbook of Pedodontics – 1st ed – Shobha Tandon
5. Essentials of Facial Growth – Enlow
6. Handbook of Orthodontics – 4th ed – Robert E. Moyers
7. Textbook of Orthodontics – 3rd ed – M.S. Rani
8. Google Internet Search
Thank You