Overview of Gram - Negative Rods Enterobacteriaceae & Other Than Enterobacteriaceae
Overview of Gram - Negative Rods Enterobacteriaceae & Other Than Enterobacteriaceae
Lecturer :
dr.Veronica Wiwing,SpMK
Departemen Microbiologi
Learning Objective
• Describe the typhical organism, culture, growth
characteristic, variation of Gram negative rods
• Discuss the antigenic structure and virulence factor of
Gram – negative rods
• To list the name of disease caused by the bacteria
Bakteri Gram Negatif
COCCUS DAN COCCOBACILLUS BACILLUS DAN COCCUS AEROB
* Neisseriaceae * Pseudomonadaceae
Genus : Neisseria Genus : Pseudomonas
Neisseria meningitidis Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria gonorrhoeae * Genera of uncertain affilation
Genus : Branhamella Genus : Brucella
Branhamella catarrhalis Brucella abortus
Genus : Moraxella Brucella melitensis
Moraxella lacunata Brucella suis
Genus : Acinetobacter Genus : Bordetella
Bordetella pertussis
COCCUS ANAEROB Genus : Francisella
* Veillonellaceae Francisella tularensis
Genus : Alcaligenes
Genus : Veillonella
Alcaligenes faecalis
Veillonella parvula
Genus : Acetobacter
Genus : Acidaminococcus
Acidaminococcus fermentana
BACILLUS ANAEROB FAKULTATIF
* Enterobacteriaceae
Genus : Escherichia Genus : Enterobacter
Escheria coli Enterobacter aerogenes
Genus : Edwardsiella Genus : Serratia
Edwardsiella tarda Serratia marcescens
Genus : Citrobacter Genus : Hafnia
Citrobacter freundii Genus : Proteus
Genus : Salmonella Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella typhi Proteus vulgaris
Salmonella sp Genus : Yersinia
Genus : Shigella Yersinia enterocolitica
Shigella dysenteriae Yersinia pestis
Shigella flexneri Genus : Erwinia
Shigella sonnei
Genus : Klebsiella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Genera of uncertain affiliation * Vibrionaceae
Genus : Chromobacterium
Chromobacterium violaceum Genus : Vibrio
Genus : Flavobacterium Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Flavobacterium
meningosepticum Genus : Aeromonas
Genus : Haemophilus Aeromonas hydrophila
Haemophillus influenzae
Genus : Pasteurella Genus : Plesiomonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Pasteurella multocide
Genus : Actinobacillus
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Genus : Cardiobacterium
Cardiobacterium hominis
Genus : Streptobacillus
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Genus : Calymatobacterium
Calymatobacterium granulomatis
GRAM NEGATIVE CELL ENVELOPE
Outer Membrane
(Major permeability barrier) Lipopolysaccharide
Porin
Braun lipoprotein
Degradative enzyme
Cytoplasm
Outer Membrane Gram negative
• lipopolysaccharide
• phospholipids
• Proteins
– porins
• Braun lipoprotein
– binds cell wall to outer membrane
FLAGELLA
• Some bacteria are motile
• Locomotory organelles- flagella
• Taste environment
• Respond to food/poison
– chemotaxis
• Flagella
– embedded in cell membrane
– project as strand
– Flagellin (protein) subunits
– move cell by propeller like action
Capsules and slime layers
• outside cell envelope
• well defined: capsule
• not defined: slime layer or glycocalyx
• usually polysaccharide
• often lost on in vitro culture
• protective in vivo
Pili (fimbriae)
• hair-like projections of the cell
• sexual conjugation
• adhesion to host epithelium
Deteksi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
• The family Enterobacteriaceae is the lagerst , heterogen
• Batang Gram negative yang mempunyai peranan penting di
klinik.
• More than 40 genera, 150 species. 20 species responsible for
more than 95% of infections. Escheria coli , Salmonella
enterica, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio sp, Serratia sp, Proteus sp.
• The Enterobacteriaceae found in soil, water and vegetation,
part of the normal intestinal flora animal and human
• 30% – 35% causes septicemia, 70% causes UTI and many
intestinal infections.
• Factor virulence : plasmid, bakteriophaga,
Enterobacteriaceae
• Sized : 0.3 – 1.0 x 1.0 – 6.0 μm
• Gram - negative rods
• They share a common antigen , non motile , motile with
peritrichous flagella.
• The Enterobacteriaceae have
simple nutritional requirements,
reduce nitrate, catalase positive,
oxidase negative.
Peritrichious
Bordetella
• Diasingkan oleh BORDET & GENGOU (1906)
• Penyebab penyakit PERTUSIS = batuk rejang = kinkhus =
batuk 100 hari
• Ada 3 spesies:
1. BORDETELLA PERTUSIS
2. BORDETELLA PARA PERTUSIS
3. BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA
Morfologi & Fisiologi
Pencegahan
Imunisasi dengan vaksin Pertusis ( DPT)
Mencegah kontak dengan penderita
Kekebalan :
MORFOLOGI
- Kuman ada 2 macam:
1. BERKAPSUL : - Coccobasil, 0,2-0,3 X 0,5-0,8 mm
- gram negatif
- Membentuk koloni Smooth, Ф 3 - 4 mm
Mukoid, mengkilap, di tengah koloni usia 48 jam ada pencekungan/IRIDESEN
- Asal : darah, liquor, penyakit invasif lain
1. Antigen kapsul
- Polisakarida yang khas tipe ada 6 tipe: a, b,c, d,e, f
Tiap serotipe punya gula berbeda
Serotipe b mengandung pentosa, yang lain : hexosa / hexosamine
- Dapat ditentukan secara:
* aglutinasi
* fluoresensi
* Rx Quellung
* presipitasi, dll
2. Antigen somatik
- Protein selaput luar
- Terdapat pada semua strain
- Dapat ditentukan secara aggutinasi, dll
Patogenesis
BERUPA :
- MENINGITIS (54%)
- PNEUMONIA (14%
- BACTEREMIA (11%)
- CELLULITIS (11%)
- EPIGLOTITIS (10%)
- PERICARDITIS (4%)
Meningitis bakterialis akuta
• H. parainfluenzae
– Flora normal mulut & nasopharynx
– Infeksi biasanya terjadi setelah :
* sakit gigi / dental prosedur
* trauma mulut
* alkoholisme
– Infeksi paling sering berupa endocardiotis, dapat juga berupa:
* otitis media
* meningitis
* abses ptal
* epiglotitis
* pneumonia, dll
– Therapy : - drug of choice AMPICILLIN
- CHLORAMPHENICOL