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Scope of Operational Research: Presented By: Ramsha Ghaffar Saira Bano Muhammad Ayaz Syed Hassan Ali Hashmi
Scope of Operational Research: Presented By: Ramsha Ghaffar Saira Bano Muhammad Ayaz Syed Hassan Ali Hashmi
RESEARCH
PRESENTED BY:
RAMSHA GHAFFAR
SAIRA BANO
MUHAMMAD AYAZ
SYED HASSAN ALI HASHMI
INTRODUCTION
IN ITS PAST FEW YEARS OF ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT, OPERATIONS RESEARCH HAS RESOLVED
SUCCESSFULLY MANY CASES OF RESEARCH FOR THE ARMY, THE GOVERNMENT, AND INDUSTRIES.
THE PRIMARY PROBLEM IN NEARLY ALL OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN ASIA AND AFRICA IS
TO ELIMINATE NEEDINESS AND LACK OF FOOD AS FASTLY AS CONCEIVABLE.
1. FINANCE, BUDGETING AND INVESTMENT:
• ASH FLOW ANALYSIS, LONG RANGE CAPITAL REQUIREMENT, INVESTMENT
PORTFOLIOS, DIVIDEND POLICIES,
• CLAIM PROCEDURE,
• CREDIT POLICIES.
2. MARKETING:
• PRODUCT SELECTION, COMPETITIVE ACTIONS,
• NUMBER OF SALESMEN, FREQUENCIES OF CALLING ON,
• ADVERTISING STRATEGIES WITH RESPECT TO COST AND TIME.
3. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT:
• PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION: LOCATION AND SIZE OF WAREHOUSES, DISTRIBUTION CENTRES AND
RETAIL OUTLETS, DISTRIBUTION POLICIES.
• FACILITIES PLANNING: NUMBER AND LOCATION OF FACTORIES, WAREHOUSES ETC. LOADING AND
UNLOADING FACILITIES.
• MANUFACTURING: PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AND SEQUENCING STABILISATION OF PRODUC-
TION, EMPLOYMENT, LAYOFFS, AND OPTIMUM PRODUCT MIX.
• MAINTENANCE POLICIES, CREW SIZE.
• PROJECT SCHEDULING AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.
4. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:
• AREAS OF CONCENTRATION FOR R&D.
• RELIABILITY AND ALTERNATE DECISIONS.
• DETERMINATION OF TIME-COST TRADE OFF AND CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.
5. DEFENSE OPERATIONS:
AIR FORCE, ARMY AND NAVY ACTIVITIES OF THESE CAN BE SUBDIVIDED AS ADMINISTRATION,
INTELLIGENCE OPERATION, TRAINING AND SUPPLY. APPLICATION OF MODERN WARFARE
TECHNIQUES REQUIRES EXPERTISE KNOWLEDGE AIMS TO DERIVE MAXIMUM GAINS FROM
OPERATIONS BUT SOMETIMES STRATEGY BENEFICIAL FOR ONE MAY HAVE ADVERSE EFFECT ON
THE OTHER. ACTIVITIES WHICH PROVIDES MAXIMUM PROFITS MUST BE COORDINATED ONE
WHO SELECTS BEST STRATEGY WINS THE BATTTLE.
• INDUSTRY:
SYSTEM OF MODERN INDUSTRY IS COMPLEX BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IS
CHANGING SO THE DECISIONS ONCE TAKEN ALSO REQUIRES CHANGES
NEEDS TO INTEGRATE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF ONE INDUSTRY AND
FRAME A POLICY RAPID DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO DIVISION OF
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT MINIMISE COST
OF PRODUCTION AND MAXIMISES OUTPUT.
• AGRICULTURE:
INCREASE IN POPULATION LEADS TO INCREASE IN THE OUTPUT THERE
ARE RESTRICTIONS UNDER WHICH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IS
TO BE STUDIED IT IS DONE TO IDENTIFY THE COURSE OF ACTION
WHICH IS TO BE SERVED UNDER GIVEN RESTRICTIONS PROBLEM CAN
BE EASILY SOLVED BY APPLICATION OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH