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  • Scope of Operational Research: Presented By: Ramsha Ghaffar Saira Bano Muhammad Ayaz Syed Hassan Ali Hashmi

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    The document discusses the scope of operational research. It began developing during World War 2 to help with military planning and has since been applied to business, government, and society. Operational research has been used successfully in areas like the army, government, and industries to resolve many cases. It can be applied to finance, marketing, production management, research and development, defense operations, industry, and agriculture. The goal is to help make optimal decisions and derive maximum benefits from operations.

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    The document discusses the scope of operational research. It began developing during World War 2 to help with military planning and has since been applied to business, government, and society. Operational research has been used successfully in areas like the army, government, and industries to resolve many cases. It can be applied to finance, marketing, production management, research and development, defense operations, industry, and agriculture. The goal is to help make optimal decisions and derive maximum benefits from operations.

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    62 views10 pages

    Scope of Operational Research: Presented By: Ramsha Ghaffar Saira Bano Muhammad Ayaz Syed Hassan Ali Hashmi

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Ali
    The document discusses the scope of operational research. It began developing during World War 2 to help with military planning and has since been applied to business, government, and society. Operational research has been used successfully in areas like the army, government, and industries to resolve many cases. It can be applied to finance, marketing, production management, research and development, defense operations, industry, and agriculture. The goal is to help make optimal decisions and derive maximum benefits from operations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    SCOPE OF OPERATIONAL

    RESEARCH
    PRESENTED BY:
    RAMSHA GHAFFAR
    SAIRA BANO
    MUHAMMAD AYAZ
    SYED HASSAN ALI HASHMI
    INTRODUCTION

    • IT AN ANALYTICAL METHOD OF PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING THAT IS USEFUL


    IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS
    • THE CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH AROSE DURING WORLD WAR II BY MILITARY
    PLANNERS. AFTER THE WAR, THE TECHNIQUES USED IN THEIR OPERATIONS RESEARCH WERE
    APPLIED TO ADDRESSING PROBLEMS IN BUSINESS, THE GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY.
    SCOPE OF OPERATION RESEARCH:

    IN ITS PAST FEW YEARS OF ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT, OPERATIONS RESEARCH HAS RESOLVED
    SUCCESSFULLY MANY CASES OF RESEARCH FOR THE ARMY, THE GOVERNMENT, AND INDUSTRIES.
    THE PRIMARY PROBLEM IN NEARLY ALL OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN ASIA AND AFRICA IS
    TO ELIMINATE NEEDINESS AND LACK OF FOOD AS FASTLY AS CONCEIVABLE.
    1. FINANCE, BUDGETING AND INVESTMENT:
    • ASH FLOW ANALYSIS, LONG RANGE CAPITAL REQUIREMENT, INVESTMENT
    PORTFOLIOS, DIVIDEND POLICIES,
    • CLAIM PROCEDURE,
    • CREDIT POLICIES.
    2. MARKETING:
    • PRODUCT SELECTION, COMPETITIVE ACTIONS,
    • NUMBER OF SALESMEN, FREQUENCIES OF CALLING ON,
    • ADVERTISING STRATEGIES WITH RESPECT TO COST AND TIME.
    3. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT:
    • PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION: LOCATION AND SIZE OF WAREHOUSES, DISTRIBUTION CENTRES AND
    RETAIL OUTLETS, DISTRIBUTION POLICIES.
    • FACILITIES PLANNING: NUMBER AND LOCATION OF FACTORIES, WAREHOUSES ETC. LOADING AND
    UNLOADING FACILITIES.
    • MANUFACTURING: PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AND SEQUENCING STABILISATION OF PRODUC-
    TION, EMPLOYMENT, LAYOFFS, AND OPTIMUM PRODUCT MIX.
    • MAINTENANCE POLICIES, CREW SIZE.
    • PROJECT SCHEDULING AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.
    4. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:
    • AREAS OF CONCENTRATION FOR R&D.
    • RELIABILITY AND ALTERNATE DECISIONS.
    • DETERMINATION OF TIME-COST TRADE OFF AND CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.
    5. DEFENSE OPERATIONS:
    AIR FORCE, ARMY AND NAVY ACTIVITIES OF THESE CAN BE SUBDIVIDED AS ADMINISTRATION,
    INTELLIGENCE OPERATION, TRAINING AND SUPPLY. APPLICATION OF MODERN WARFARE
    TECHNIQUES REQUIRES EXPERTISE KNOWLEDGE AIMS TO DERIVE MAXIMUM GAINS FROM
    OPERATIONS BUT SOMETIMES STRATEGY BENEFICIAL FOR ONE MAY HAVE ADVERSE EFFECT ON
    THE OTHER. ACTIVITIES WHICH PROVIDES MAXIMUM PROFITS MUST BE COORDINATED ONE
    WHO SELECTS BEST STRATEGY WINS THE BATTTLE.
    • INDUSTRY:
    SYSTEM OF MODERN INDUSTRY IS COMPLEX BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IS
    CHANGING SO THE DECISIONS ONCE TAKEN ALSO REQUIRES CHANGES
    NEEDS TO INTEGRATE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF ONE INDUSTRY AND
    FRAME A POLICY RAPID DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO DIVISION OF
    MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT MINIMISE COST
    OF PRODUCTION AND MAXIMISES OUTPUT.
    • AGRICULTURE:
    INCREASE IN POPULATION LEADS TO INCREASE IN THE OUTPUT THERE
    ARE RESTRICTIONS UNDER WHICH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IS
    TO BE STUDIED IT IS DONE TO IDENTIFY THE COURSE OF ACTION
    WHICH IS TO BE SERVED UNDER GIVEN RESTRICTIONS PROBLEM CAN
    BE EASILY SOLVED BY APPLICATION OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH

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