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Mean and Variance
Mean and Variance
Probability Distribution
Prepared by:
Rossel Jane Campillo - Tapere
Given the values of the variables X and Y,
evaluate the following summations.
𝑋1 = 4 𝑋2 = 2 𝑋3 = 5 𝑋4 = 1
𝑌1 = 2 𝑌2 = 1 𝑌3 = 0 𝑌4 = 2
1. σ 𝑋 2. σ 𝑌 3. σ 𝑋 𝑌
4. σ(𝑋 + 𝑌) 5. σ 4𝑋𝑌
ACTIVITY
Step 1: Construct the probability distribution
for the random variable X representing the
number of spots that would appear.
Step 2: Multiply the value of the random
variable X by the corresponding probability.
Step 3: Add the results obtained in Step 2.
ACTIVITY
Step 4: Subtract the result from each value of
the random variable X.
Step 5: Square the results obtained in Step 4.
Step 6: Multiply the results obtained in Step 5
by the corresponding probability.
Step 7: Get the sum of the results obtained in
Step 6.
ACTIVITY
Consider rolling a die. What is the
average number of spots that would
appear?
The probabilities that a surgeon
𝐄 𝐗 = 𝑋 ⋅ 𝑃𝑋
Symbol Interlude
E(X) = µ
these symbols are used interchangeably
Expected Value
Expected value is an extremely useful
concept for good decision-making!
Expected value isn’t
everything though…
Take the hit new show “Deal or No Deal”
Everyone know the rules?
Let’s say you are down to two cases left. ₱1
and ₱400,000. The banker offers you
₱200,000.
So, Deal or No Deal?
How to decide?
Variance!
• If you take the deal, the variance/standard
deviation is 0.
•If you don’t take the deal, what is average
deviation from the mean?
•What’s your gut guess?
Symbol Interlude
Var(X)= 2
SD(X) =
these symbols are used interchangeably
Variance and standard deviation
described the amount of spread,
dispersion or variability of the items in a
distribution.
Steps in finding the Variance
and Standard Deviation
Find the mean of the probability distribution.
Subtract from the mean from each value of
the random variable X.
Square the results obtained in Step 2.
Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the
corresponding probability.
Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4
Formula for the Variance and
Standard Deviation
Variance
2 σ 2
𝜎 = (𝑋 − 𝜇) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
Standard Deviation
𝜎= (𝑋 − 2
𝜇) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
Do this!
Find the Mean and Variance
2.
1.
X P(X) X∙P(X) X P(X) X∙P(X)
1 1/7 1 3/10
6 1/7 2 1/10
11 3/7 3 2/10
16 1/7 4 2/10
21 1/7 5 2/10
Do this!
Find the Mean and Variance
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3.
X P(X) X∙P(X) X P(X) X∙P(X)
3 0.15 1 4/9
6 0.35 3 2/9
8 0.40 5 1/9
10 0.10 7 2/9
Individual:
Solve the following:
1. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution
of the random variable X, which can take the only the
values 1,2,3 given that P(1)=10/33, P(2)= 1/3 and P(3)=
12/33
2. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution
of the random variable X, which can only take the values
3,5 and 7 given that P(3)=7/30, P(5)=1/3 and P(7)=13/30
3. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution
of the random variable X if P(X)=1/10 for X=1,2,3,…, 10.
4. Find the mean of the probability distribution of the
𝑥+1
random variable X if 𝑃 𝑋 = for X = 1,2,3,4 and 5.
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